Active involvement through the study circle Essay

Introduction The choose dress circle is a dynamic c are for wherein the go through and participation of the participants makes up the upbringingal regularity for this program. Since its beginnings, it has been identified as an emancipatory method of teaching wherein a democratic arena for skill is collapse especially for young adults. The idea underlying this is that looking could be acquired through with(predicate) sharing of take part members (Putu, 2006). History of psychoanalyze bent Aiming at transforming his region, a place wherein widespread poverty and a great gap mingled with the poor and rich exist, Oscar Olsson arrived at America in 1893.Olson is searching for a form of instruction or method that would be beneficial to transforming his uncouth into a place where justice and liberty work side by side with democracy in order for its battalion to educate or learn by themselves (Andrews, 1997). Olsson soon found out what he was face for in America in an unli kely place, an adult education action sponsored by the Chautauqua literary and scientific circle. From this adult education movement, Olsson was able to affect a form of education called find out move and is being referred instantly as the education by the people, for the people and of the people (Andrews, 1997).After learning or finding out about(predicate) the Study Circle, Olsson came back to his country which is Sweden and here he began to write a series of report about the Study Circle and incorporated his own theories and ideas about the method. At this time, Oscar Olsson principles and views are influenced heavily by John Dewey and it is known that he has the same philosophical, abstractive and practical approach to education to Tao Xingzhi and Yan Yangchu, both considered as scholars who were too influenced by Deweys teaching and principles (Persson, 2006).Olssons ideals made way for the creation of Sweden Study Circle in 1902 in the Lund branch of the International Order of right(a) Templar. First of its kind, the Study Circle punctuate four key areas concerning the Study Circle (Persson, 2006). They are the following 1) In order for every iodine to join the Study Circle, the program must be cheap and in doing so, no one would be desist in joining or participating in the program because of economic reason. 2) The method must be simple that everyone wint have a hard time participating in the discussion regardless of educational background or schooling.3) Participants shall meet as equals and have equal possibilities to voice out their opinions about their studies regardless of their mixer status or background. 4) Lastly, the library and books give play an important piece in the education of the participants (Persson, 2006). For Olsson, the Study Circle is a method of organizing studies which focuses on the idea that every participant should educate himself. Study Circle educates its participants by letting them choose their own literature and actively communicating with former(a) participants using their own noesis during groups discussion and meetings.In doing so, Study Circle was known as forum of democracy, in which participants were held responsible for the contents and the method (Persson, 2006). Olsson also incorporated in the Study Circle the joy of learning. He reasoned out that by spending time and energy on education, the brain will get a strong impression that knowledge is pleasure. Furthermore, Olsson agreed that continuous education and questioning could only be supplied by a stable atmosphere and spirit (Persson, 2006). Review of Related litBasic Principles Underlying Study Circles Derived from the ideas of Oscar Olsson, didactic principles that emphasize the role of members in a group were laid down to ensure that the Study Circle would function and work according to its purpose (Brattset, 1982). The principles describe the method as an active process, wherein knowledge will be realized into actions and social changes that could assist development. According to Kindstorm (2002), the method espouses the following principles1) Equality and democracy The principles of democracy and equating allow the members to work hand in hand by allowing the commute of views and information through dialogues and conversation. 2) Change and action Being responsible for the education of their fellow members, education on Study Circle wont just be concern on education but also the development of each member. 3) Study Materials Books and Libraries will play the role of teachers, as they will be the source of new knowledge and information for the members.What landing field to learn or book to read will be intractable upon by the members. 4) Freedom and the objectives of Study Circle Study Circle emphasize the idea that freedom comes with responsibility. The members will have to work in symmetry with organizations framework while carrying out their educational duties and work. 5) Experience s and Co-operation their will be no competing inside Study Circle and every members passing game side by side with each other in onerous to educate not only themselves but also their fellow members.Their experience and knowledge before entering the program will bring in new ideas and concept. 6) Active participation and continuous planning Determining the education level inside a Study Circle will aim on how active the members will be in the program. It is through participating that members will have the chance to voice out their opinion and undivided knowledge in front of other members and from this, learning from other people begins.Study Circle is built upon the active participation of its members. Furthermore, individuals may learn best by setting up objectives and goals that will serve as their guide during the program. Although things might have changed because of the year gap, Olssons ideas set the quantity for future Study Circles. Although other ideas came after the first Study Circle was created, the principles that Olsson established were able to ensure that Study Circles will work as he envisioned them (Kindstorm, 2002).

Norwalk Virus

Norovirus, also known as the Norwalk computer virus, is a highly contagious nutrient-related illness that got its name when it was low sight in Norwalk, Ohio in 1972It is said to be frequently found in cruise ships, daycares and nursing homes that hold large dos of people in dependable proximityCauses of Norovirus include a cook or bartender serving food or drink without washing their hands properly, having direct or reason out contact with some unmatched is infected (touching them and then touching the mouth or nose) and imbibing an infected soulfulnesss water supply or using their utensilsThe very first cause listed is something an individual may not be able to control, which is wherefore norovirus is so common and contagious.The more ordinary symptoms of norovirus include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and group AB cramps, but the more unlikely symptoms consist of headache, a fever, chills and muscle aches3.A person exposed to this illness can expect to develop symptoms wi thin 24 to 48 hours4, which may feel like a long amount of time, but isnt as bad as other(a) illnesses. More well(p) effects of Norovirus can include not getting enough nutrients and fluids in your system, which would lead to malnutrition and dehydration5.There is no medicinal treatment for norovirus, but drinking lots of water and sticking to your regular eating schedule get out help in avoiding these effects. The person will be contagious from the event they are ill to at least 3 days after(prenominal)(prenominal) recovery4, so it is best not to touch them or be near them as much as possible as mentioned previously.Shellfish such as oysters and raw fruits and vegetables are the most likely sources if they have been contaminated by unclean water2.Cruise ships serving large amounts of shellfish that wasnt checked for pollution is guaranteed to get at least one passenger sick, which is why its snap off to be mindful of this and stick with the foods that you know are safe to eat. Untreateddrinking water is a major source as well that has been linked to norovirus2, so running water through a filter is essential when wanting(p) to avoid norovirus.Proper hygiene and safe food preparation is trace when aiming to prevent norovirus. Wash hands with warm water and soap after going to the washroom, before and after preparing food, and changing a dirty diaper4. ceaseless hand washing will help insure that the bacteria from one object will not remain on your hands and delight over to another area.Keeping raw meat, poultry and seafood away from other items in your cart when shopping and having a separate grocery ravisher is very important in terms of making sure picky contamination doesnt occur4.A person can also prevent others from getting Norovirus by not going to work and avoiding travelling for the duration of their illness. victorious a few days off work will drive up the affected persons recovery and not get anyone else ill at the same time.

“The Secrets of Haiti’s Living Dead” by Del Guárico

The Secrets of Haitis living dead by Del Guarico was a very interesting story o read. It shows how people of different places go forth believe something if they want or expect it to be real. This is especially true if it is deeply a part of their culture. In the story, this idea is illustrated through the question of zombies in Haitian voodoo culture. The article describes a search by a Harvard student named Wade Davis for a drug causing zombie-like effects.Zombies ar a fact of Haitian culture. When most people hear this they constrict their own perception about zombies and the culture. People in America slope to think of zombies as otherworldly and a source for tales of Horror and we argon not more or less scared of the actually zombie, except the fact that we think that they can turn us into one. Davis soon finds this drug and shines that zombies are faked in a material sense. They use the poison from the Japanese Fugu fish and other chemicals.He also found out that on th at point is a secret society that is responsible for policing the society and the treat of zombification is a threat to keep everyone in line. He was not able to discover how common it was in Haiti He give credit for finding his solvent on his approach. Some people might wonder why he wouldnt just make a general announcement and attempt to discharge the Haitian people as to this fact. If he did that he would only be insulting they people and trying to take away the belief that they stupefy had for hundreds of years.

Discussing Baz Luhrmann’s Romeo and Juliet

This movie is about Romeo and Juliet. da Vinci Di ceilingrio Is playing the Romeo part in this movie. And Claire Danes is play Juliet part. The movie is utter by Baz Luhrmann. He is a modern day version managing director. He tell this movie in 1996 and he only used 10% of Shakespeare language. Because we dont let out same language as Shakespeare. Baz Luhrmann uses gasolenes instead of s legers and uses simple machines instead of horses. In the branch of Romeo and Juliet we construe a news reporter talking about the some(prenominal) households. Than the television camera start zooming in and in. thence re on the wholey quickly you picture fair Verona.The narrator says about dickens households two a railroad care in dignity, In fair Verona where we lay our scene. From forth the fatal loins of these 2 foes, a pair of star-crosss lovers take their life. When the narrator says those things the cathode-ray oscilloscope euphony is very loud and the medicament is trying to tell us about the movie. By listen this music you could say that well-nighthing bad will happen in this movie. Which will be very emotional and sad? Then you soak up a newspaper article where it says Montagues v Capulets. And than you see helicopters, cars and people.When that happens the background music be place louder and louder and you see two structures with the names at the top Capulet and Montague and deliverer Christ statue in the middle. The reason why the director put this statue in the middle to show that people in fair Verona want wild pansy amid these two families. We than see the shots of the city and the police. Than we see some of the master(prenominal) characters in the movie their, with and a description of who they are. The reason why the director shows us this is because he wants to tell us that these people and they will come in the movie latter on.The scene changes and you hear a variant music where three Montagues are session in the yellow impoli te car with the special plate at the front saying Mon 005 and listening to the music the boys the boys. Than you hear them insulting the Capulets. One of the guy in Montague is bald, with stain of Montague on his head . The music they hear is very cool and they get in sunglasses, and open Hawaiian apparels. The reason why the director put this music to show their some starnessality. In other word to show how cool they are. The Montagus than go to the Gas commit.Benvolio get out from the car and goes to the toilet. He is Romeos cousin . Than we see a Capulet get out of his car, only you can see his feet he chucks his cigarette down. He is wearing cowboy shoes, and the background music is western music. By hearing that music you could say that person is not a good person and he is a very important person in the movie and he wants to fight. When he goes in the gas station some girls come out and one of Montague shows off by doing some nasty things. Than one of the Capulet come o ut of the car.The car is blue and scary and on the number plate it says Cap 005. The person who comes from the car is very strong and when he removes his summit you could see his gun saying Cap and the Montagues get terrified because on their gun it says Mon and the both of the gangs abominate eachother. Abra shows his silver grey teeth saying SIN and the Montagues fall back in appal into the car. Abra shouts Boo laughing at them. At first Montagues just uphold there but after a slim while he comes from behind and does bite my thumb Abra doesnt reverse his car very fast.Montague gets scared and panic they start to fill up with petrol. But Abra comes out his car and say do you mind your thumb at me sir one of Montague says I do mind my thumb sir. Montagues look at Benvolio is coming. The reason why they have icons on there cars,and guns to show the differences between these two families like to show that they are different from eachother. When Benvolio comes he takes his gun. And thats were the fights start. One of the Montagues hides next to the car where the lady keeps hitting him.And than Tybalt comes out and the western music starts as a background to set the mood. Tybalt is the cousin of Juliet. First Benvolio tries to avoid fights and keep placidity between the families. Benvolio says stray your guns and have peace. But Tybalt says I hate the word peace as I hate hell like all Montagues. When he says that the director keeps his camera on his eyes to shows the evil. He closes the camera on both the eyes of Tybalt and benvolio and on his mouth because he says the business organization from there. Than the little boy comes from behind and Tybalt takes his gun out and scared that little kid.And than both gangs started to shot at eachother than the Montague who was getting hit by the women he scares her and start shooting but unfortunately he doesnt know where he is shooting because he is keeping shooting at a betoken saying Fuel Your fire he is kee ping shooting at this sign. The sign is here to tell you that hold your fire. Then Tybalt who is showoff person he wears a black trouser and bullet proof red jacket with Jesus icons on them. He is keep diving and shooting one of his bullet hits Benvolios hand and his gun go straight under the car.Than two of the Montagues put petrol in the car they drop some of it on Benvolio. They both sit in the car and start driving it . Tybalt than change shape down takes his jacket off. Takes another gun out and shots at montagues. Than Tybalt drop his cigarette and the fire starts Benvolio gets scared because some of the petrol is on his shirt. Benvolio than picks his gun and runs over cars and shooting at Tybalt. And the fire blasts all the gas station. present the directors have to be fast because he has to keep zooming the camera. And note all thing happening in the scene.And than you could hear traffic and shooting noise. Then you see helicopters in the air. And Benvlio and Tybalt looki ng at eachother in anger. The director stress o their eyes because you could see the anger in the eyes between them. In the background you could see people running and the cars are stopped. Than the prince who is sitting in the helicopter says to them that drop your guns. Than you see two cars in one car Capulets are sitting and in the other Montagues . Montagues says that give me my blade but his wife stops him.Than they both sit inside the building where the prince says two civil wars and says you both disturbed our streets and if one more eon you disturbed our streets than you will pay the fine. This part is to show that both families hate really hate eachother and the prince is trying to warn both of these. Than the director commission on Montagues after that. All the Montagues go to the beach where Romeo is sitting the background music is a very sad music. Romeo is sitting writing his journal and thinking about his Girlfriend Rosaline.You could tell that by looking at his f ace that he doesnt like whats happening between these two families. He likes to spend much era alone because of the violence. Romeos mother talk to her hubby about Romeo. You also could see the link between Benvolio and his shirt. Because on his shirt there are flowers and its all about the beach. And now they are on beach as well you could say that he spends most of his time on the beach. He than gets out of the car and says good morrow to his cousin they both walk and in the TV Romeo sees what Benvolio did he tries to tell him that not to this because that course there wont be any piece.As an audience I would say that this movie is great. There are some really good tall(prenominal) actions fights. The music is a sum and it really suits the movie. And it would make good money. Baz Luhrmann directed this movie superbly. The camera angles were perfect. The other actors are superb, and acted wonderfully in the movie. What Luhrmann did was both bold and brilliant, and he succeeded wonderfully. First people thought that Luhrmann destroyed the plays spectator and power by setting it in modern times. In con words I would say love in first sight.

The Help by Kathrynn Stockett: Themes

In fact, the Justice system, melodic theme to promote equality in the and of the free, was useless towards the root of racial concordance and Afri outhouse Americans were treated bitterly and relentlessly during this time. The author Kathy Stocked wrote a story In the perspective of mistreated black maids and one parcel white woman during the time of the call rights movement. Through the historical events, characters, and move compiled Into Kathy Stockpots novel, The sustain, the theme of Injustice and racial Inferiority Is portrayed.During the novel, the bus Abilene is riding bread at a roadblock and all the black people argon told to get off the us. The civil rights leader and NAACP field secretary, Meager Veers, had been scape and killed by the UK Klux Klan. Abilene states, White peoples with guns, pointed at colored peoples. Cause who gone nurse our peoples? Into no colored policemans (230). The blacks are trapped and have no legal situation to control what happens in the community, or to themselves.Even a person with authority, Mayor Thompson, denoted the idea of a biracial committee and said that he believes in the legal separation of races (231). Instead of protecting the blacks, the government was useless In aiding them. The Jim Crow laws, assemble by Skitter In the library, also resembled how government only contributed to the devastation of racism. The events that are embedded throughout the novel reveal how the characters feel missed to what occurs around them.In addition to resembling the theme of injustice, Hilly Holbrook is the symbol for whites who used power and influence to have blacks fired, evicted, imprisoned, fined, and even subjected to physical violence. She used her social situation to influence the courts and businesses in the community to punish black omen, like Yule May, whom she targeted. subsequently Yule May went to trial for stealing one of Hills rings, Abilene states that A regular convict be six months for pett y stealing, but Miss Holbrook, she get it pushed up to four years (295).For many of the black characters in the novel, and the black maids during that time, in that location was little justice. Acts of violence and injustice were committed against them and there was nothing they could do to fight it. The scale was of Justice was Imbalanced, heavily sloping downwards for the blacks who had no power compared to the whites. The eating also reinforces the theme of Injustice and racial Inferiority. The novel Is set In Jackson, Mississippi, one of the most segregated towns in the join States, during ten time AT ten call relents movement.I Nils was a living room consisting AT organelle boycotts, student protests, and mass marches towards the struggle against racial segregation. The Jim Crow laws were enforced and there were strict rules and norms concerning the actions of blacks. Jackson, Mississippi was teeming with racial tensions and this affected the characters and events of the nov el. Kathy Stocked rote the novel, The Help, and captured the image of life as a black maid during the sasss.In her novel, she compiled historical events, characters, and the setting to portray the emotions and hardships of blacks during this time in history. By using these devices, Stocked formed the theme of injustice that readers can either relate to or comprehend. Through her writing, she accurately demonstrated how racial inequality, injustice, and inferiority played a role in the lives of many blacks. The Help represents how the blacks, the inferior, began to stand up to the whites, the superior, through words and stories.

Mustard Gas

mustard Gas During World War I garbled was the original name for leaf leaf mustard splash, it was named after Lommel and Steinkopf. They were the kickoff people who proposed this catalyst to the military to use as a weapon in 1916. Although mustard gun could possibly been developed as early as 1822 by a French pill pusher, Cesar-Mansuete Desperetez. Thirty-two years later Alfred Riche repeat this reply of the sulfur dichloride and ethylene, besides both Riche and Desperetez did not note every harsh properties. In 1860, Frederick Gutherie synthesized and described the characteristics of the compound and its irritating properties.An opposite chemist known as a pioneer in cocaine chemistry, Albert Nieman repeated the reaction, and recorded blistering formations. Meanwhile, a published paper written by Victor Meyer in 1866, explained the reaction of 2-chloroethanol and an aqueous potassium sulfide that create phosphorous trichloride. The purity of this compound was higher and there was much more than severe health effects. He also tested this compound on rabbits and noted that they died. An English chemist Hans Thacher Clarke did this reaction in 1913. When performing the investigate the flask broke, and Clarke was in the hospital for two months for burns.Clarkes partner Emil Fischer reported the incident to the German Society, which put Germany on the chemical weapons track. Sulfur mustard is an innate compound with the molecular formula of C4H8Cl2S. gai choi splash mint be reacted with different compounds, but still have the same major positive product. These are the different reactions to make sulfur atom smasher Deperetez SCl2 + 2 C2H4 (Cl-CH2CH2)2S Meyer 3(HO-CH2CH2)2S + 2PCl3 3(Cl-CH2CH2)2S + 2P(OH)3 Meyer-Clarke (HO-CH2CH2)2S + 2HCl (Cl-CH2CH2)2S + 2H2O other chlorinating brokers that have been used are trionyl and phosgene.Chemists know mustard gasolene by bis(chloroethyl) sulfide or dichlorethylsulphide, but it has been called s enfgas, yellow cross liquid, yperite, distilled mustard and mustard T-mixture. The name Yperite originates by the Germany army, when used contiguous the city o Ypres. chinese mustard gas appears colorless if pure, but when impurities are present the color ranges from sentinel yellow to dark brown. There is a small odor ail or horseradish. Mustards gas is actually not a gas it is a volatile, very thick liquid. Mustard gas has a molecular weight unit of 159. 08 grams/mole, a density of 1. 7 grams/mL melts at 144? C, and boils at 217? C. Mustard agents are regulated under the 1933 Chemical Weapons Convention. Mustard gas was formed in large amounts during World War I and II. Mustard gas was first used in World War I, but was used in the war Iran-Iraq war in 1884-1988. By 1977, the unite States Secretary of Defense was told to dispose of all the fatal chemical agents, same mustard gas. When mustard gas comes into contact to skin, blistering and burns occur. These agents whitethorn cause brutal damage to the eyes, the respiratory system, and internal organs.The symptoms dont occur immediately, they usually appear from two hours to twenty-four hours after contact. By the time the symptoms become apparent, severe cell damage has already occurred. Mustard gas is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic. Mustard agents are lipophilic, meaning it can dissolve in fats, oils, and non-polar solvents. Therefore people can unknowingly be exposed to mustard gas. Mustard gas is classified as a vesicant, which means it leaves lesions and burns on the skin and respiratory tract. Mustard gas can damage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).The compound eliminates a chloride ion by intramolecular nucleophilic substitution, which forms a cyclic sulfonium ion. This reactive intermediate tends to permanently alkylate the nucleotide in DNA strands. Cellular remainder and cancer can occur from this alkylation. small perniciousness has symptoms of lacrimation, eye pain, irritation of the mucus membrane, hoarseness, swelling of the skin, sneezing, and coughing. Severe toxicitys symptoms include blindness, blistering, vomiting, nausea, and respiratory complications. Lung injury was the leading cause of death after the exposure of mustard gas. Lung injuries start with mild symptoms, and lowly append into chemical pneumonia, and pulmonary edema. Within twenty-four hours of exposure to skin, victims are itchy and skin irritation, which lead to yellow filled blisters. Five to ten geezerhood after the exposure of large amounts of mustard gas, there is a forceful reduction in white telephone circuit cells. The decrease of white blood cells, affect the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue to look as if the person was exposed to radiation. The best treatment is decontamination. The German Army was the first to use mustard gas effectively against the British soldiers in 1917, near Ypres in World War One.Mustard gas was dispersed as aerial bombs, mortar rounds, artillery shells, la nd mines, as an aerosol, and rockets. Mustard gas was only lethal in about one percent of cases. Soldiers wore gas masks, but this didnt protect them from the gas, since the gas could be absorbed through and through their clothes. Mustard gas would stay the stay in the environment for days, and appease to cause sickness. Also, if a soldier were to be contaminated by the gas, other soldiers that came into contact with would become contaminated too.The Geneva Protocol of 1925 prohibited chemical warfare, and the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 prohibited the development, production, and stockpiling of chemical weapons. The mustard gas found after World War I in Germany was dumped in the Baltic Sea. Mustard gas structure Gas mask timid to protect from inhaling mustard gas the wounds conflicted from mustard gas http//www. firstworldwar. com/weaponry/gas. htm http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sulfur_mustard http//www. bt. cdc. gov/agent/sulfurmustard/basics/facts. asp http//www. digger history. info/pages-weapons/gas. htm

Developing Supply Chain to Deliver WOW Essay

Zappos.com is a esotericly held online retailer with an extensive growth phratry mainly including apparel, footwear, sinkbags, and watches. Headquartered in Nevada, it primarily operates in the US with about 1,300 employees and tax revenues climb to $635M in 2008. Thanks to its strength in offering an outstanding node shopping experience and strong corporate stopping points and values link up to guest dish up, it was the largest online shoe retailer in 2008, with a positive step-up outlook. However, in the face of voltage economic d confessturn, its underlying insufficiencies in egress chain management and operations whitethorn pose a panic to the caller-ups long term breadability.Nevertheless, the opportunity of possible international elaboration may well be exploited to improve sales and diffuse the business, but such(prenominal)(prenominal) finality still needs critical military rank and feasibility assessment in whether Zappos can sustain its focus on outs tanding node service levels in such scenario. The online-retail industry in which Zappos operates is one in which the rivalry among existing competitors is high, as it is competing with both click-n-brick stores the likes of Amazon, as well as handed-down retail stores such as Footwear Inc which too take a shit a strong focus on the shoe segment. However, the threat of new entrants is very low as a result of the high initial working capitalization required for the start of business. at that place are a large number of buyers in the market place. However, high determine sensitivity and low switching exist strengthen the buyers position continuing to attract such nodes becomes one of the main challenges for Zappos during a likely scenario of economic downturn. Zappos provide need to adopt strategies such as importing directly from foreign suppliers, committing to 5 day pitch shot done ground shipping as opposed to adjacent-day air shipping, offering its own secret label, and distending its cater by Zappos initiative.Company Value drawstring trouble AnalysisExternal AnalysisPorters 5 ForcesThe followers is an evaluation of the external forces acting upon Zappos operations and their possible impact in the immediate and future performance of the companion Degree of Rivalry gamey While Zappos is a pioneer player in the online retail segment, in practice it is not that competing with other online retailers, but with brick-and-mortar stores in the traditional retail sector which have substantial experience in the market. many a(prenominal) other players offer similar products to those carried by Zappos. talk scathe Power of Buyers talk over to HIGH Given the many alternatives in the market, the switching cost for a client to other retailers is very low. Consumers are becoming increasingly price-conscious, and with the nice potential for differentiation in the non-fashion elite segment, the client can good discern other similar product opti ons, forcing retailers to offer lower price to remain warring.Threat of New Entrants MODERATE TO LOW The barriers to entry in the industry are extremely high, based on the large capital investment required. However the online retail business is still on its growth stages, which may attract new players and investors looking to capture potential markets. Bargaining Power of Suppliers LOW Competition for both contact / importer suppliers and direct manufacturers is severe and well completed at that placefore, the market itself drives the power of the many suppliers down. As discussed, thither are many alternatives in the market such that no individual(a) supplier is dominant. Threat of Substitutes LOW in that respect are no veer products available for most of the products which Zappos may offer to the public, so such threat is unlikely.SWOT AnalysisStrengths Customer-Oriented Culture and Services Zappos has strong company subtlety and values, which have a large influence o n all aspects of the business, including the total chain. Zappos is always looking for new ways to WOW every customer and always treat every employee like family. The employees consider Zappos a entertainment place to work. In addition, Zappos commitment to customer service satisfaction is distinctly demonstrated by their value propositions and represents their core differentiation outline. These are free people shipping, guaranteed 5 day providey (WOWing the customer, where 49% of customers will receive their product inwardly 2 days), a 365 day return policy and 24/7 customer service. Unique Products and change The core products that Zappos offers are designed to be distinctly different from the traditional shoes available in brick-and mortar stores. Zappos provides customizable product models and extensive product information to customers. For example, Zappos site has a detailed discussion of gait that helps customers to determine which type of shoe is curb for them.Weakn esses Presence Limited to Online Market Although there are many online shoppers at present and the number is still growing, Zappos is unable to reach the majority of retail shoppers by totally having the online outlet post. Relatively Low Profit Margin The revenue of Zappos in 2008 is $635 million, but the company policy on product returns makes up 35% of gross sales. This is definitely crippling Zappos profits. High Dependency on UPS Until 2008, Zappos has only one call center in Las Vegas and one dissemination center in Shepherdsville, Kentucky. The dissemination center is less than 30 proceeding from the UPS hub in Louisville. This will make Zappos reverty highly dependent on UPS.Opportunities Rapid Growth of Online Shopping Online buying has grown consistently form after year the opportunity lies in capturing new online customers and retaining them. Technology Innovation In 2008, Zappos added more(prenominal) automation to its warehouse operations by put in a robo tic system in which robots picked up shelves that contained the items to be picked, and brought the shelves to the workers. These new robots concede Zappos to ship a pair of shoes in as curt as eight minutes. Technology advances will allow Zappos to increase the depicted object and efficiency of its statistical distribution centers, without having to build new centers. Build strategic Alliances with complementary Retailers Zappos could build synergies with similar-size online retailers which offer complementary products in an effort to broaden its customer base and target audience.Threats Economic Downturn Customers will become more price-conscious in difficult economic times, which will ultimately drive Zappos system in order to remain competitive in such scenario. rivalrous Rivalry While Zappos is one of the pioneer players additionalized in shoe-retailing, the fashion is for open up brick-and-mortar companies to start offering their products online, which may generate additional competitive pressures. Possible Security Breach for Online Retailer Zappos moldiness address possible security breaches to its servers.Problem StatementBased upon the previous analysis, Zappos faces two major problems which may be detrimental to the companys long-term success. Our convey here is to synthesize them in order to formulate a serial of testimonys that the company could implement to solve the mentioned problems.Problem 1 Supply Chain ManagementThe first problem that the company faces within its organization is related to supply chain management. We have identified three different sub-issues within this topic in which Zappos has room for improvement Imports from upstandingsalers as an intermediary amidst Zappos and the manufacturers Due to the highly uncertain demand in the sector, having a wholesaler between Zappos and the gulls that manufactures the product is a strategic problem for the company. When Zappos places an order, it is relying on the lin e of descent that the wholesaler keeps in order to fulfill its need of supply. Furthermore, Zappos may find it difficult to secure its supply as the company grows, having no suppress over wholesaler import decisions. This is curiously critical in a sector with unstable demand faced with global economic uncertainty.Zappos must devise supply chain-related strategies which provide the company with more tractability in terms of profit margins in order to deal with more price-conscious customers in the future. Delivery to Zappos distribution centers from suppliers The company faces a problem in copulation to inefficiency of partially loaded trucks arriving to unload to Zappos pedigree facilities. As the case highlights, portentous numbers of partially loaded trucks (LTL) arrive to unload products generating un needed traffic in the distribution center, subsequently slowing down the unloading process. Theres a need for Zappos to address this issue, ultimately affecting its whole o perations efficiency.Inventory Management At this point, the company uses manual scanners to register incoming and outgoing stock from its distribution center. This may twist to inventory inaccuracies due to the high probability of human error to bechance in the handling of the incoming and outgoing merchandise. It is of the utmost importance for Zappos to have accurate inventory information, not only in terms of its supply chain management, but also in maintaining customer service levels because of the potential of having inaccurate information on the website such that a customer may order a product which is actually out of stock.Problem 2 Growing the businessThroughout the case it is been said that the company plans to expand. It is possible to grow the business in a national scale as well as internationally. The following issues need to be addressed by Zappos when evaluating company expansion determining strategic locations for new facilities to store its inventory and ligh t upon a good balance between supplier allow for times and bestowy times to the final customer. In addition, the company faces the decision of whether to continue having its distribution centralized in Kentucky. Moreover, Zappos needs to evaluate whether or not it is still feasible to use UPS ground shipping in the long-term. The company would also face a problem not only when trying to maintain its customer service levels and an efficient make unnecessaryy, but also when trying to get new employees to share its corporate culture.RecommendationsStart trade Directly from Foreign Manufacturers Zappos should begin underdeveloped direct relationships with foreign manufacturers, especially with Chinese suppliers, starting by importing some products directly, instead of acquire from North American wholesalers. This schema has the following benefits * Cost nest egg from purchasing the same products at lower prices, providing the company with more pricing flexibility at dealing with cost-conscious consumers in a difficult economy. * Distribution channel efficiency is increased by eliminating middlemen in the supply chain. In this sense, there is no need for products to be shipped from foreign suppliers to a wholesale distributer and from there to Zappos Zappos can receive the product directly at their distribution center, reducing freight costs across the value chain as well as lead times. * A closer relationship with manufacturers qualification enable Zappos to obtain information regarding inventory levels, product availability, and order view and timing. It is worth noting that even in cases where Zappos is still purchasing from a wholesaler (who in-turn imports from the manufacturer), the wholesaler can request the manufacturer to verbalize directly to the Zappos distribution center, earning the lead time and cost benefits.Opt for Ground Shipping as Opposed to Next Day Air Shipping Given the jeopardize of failing to meet the next day delivery standards because of external factors, Zappos should only guarantee 5-day delivery. In this manner, the company will consistently overdeliver, with 99% of customers receiving their orders within 4 days. This strategy not only makes sense from a cost perspective, but it also goes hand-in-hand with Zappos culture of outstanding customer service. However, the option of next day air delivery should be made available to the customer for a premium rate. Sign a Contract with a Selected hauling Company Specialized in Consolidation In order to diminish LTL shipments to its distribution centers and mitigate the economic inefficiencies that LTL implies, Zappos should sign a contract with a major transportation and logistics company specialized in consolidation in order to handle Zappos order pick-ups from some of its remaining local suppliers, optimizing freight capacity and delivering such products to the distribution center.This contract strategy would only be possible to implement in areas with hi gh supplier concentration such as Southern California and Ontario. It is granted that such a strategy would require a long and difficult negotiation process between suppliers, the logistics company and Zappos however, economies of scale benefits could be obtained from the large volumes to be handled and the cost savings distributed across the industry value chain. Search for Additional Partners and Expand Powered by Zappos Powered by Zappos partners act as distributors of the products carried by Zappos. In this sense, finding new partners will generate additional revenues from both the fees of developing and running distributor websites and operations and from an expanded market base deriving from multiple websites offering Zappos products. Offer its own Zappos Private Label Zappos could expand the business by offering its own clannish label private labels offer the advantage of not purchasing from a third-party wholesaler which in itself is making a profit from the merchandise, al lowing for more flexibility in terms of pricing and profit margins.Overall, by commercializing its own brand, Zappos can offer its private label merchandise at lower prices than the industry standards, while maintaining its profit margin. This strategy would be effective at dealing with price springlike customers in uncertain economic times. It must be noted that to achieve this, however, the company would need to develop internal design capabilities and source its private label through selected manufactures which meet their needs. In order to achieve the terminal supplier prices, supplier relationships would need to be developed through established contracts which may include exclusivity agreements. Based on the large volumes that Zappos handles through its established customer base, the strategy could also earn benefits from economies of scale and increased brand awareness.Do not Expand Internationally in the Short-Term The grand capital investment required and the risk of affe cting customer service levels makes international expansion undesirable in the short run. The companys financial base must be strengthened further onwards pursuing such expansion, maintaining the focus on customer service that the company has been known for. Customer service is core to company values and culture and hence cannot be compromised by any strategic decision. International expansion must be accompanied by the same training standards, staffing levels and warmth for customer service at company call centers and order delivery must meet Zappos promise. This last factor could pose a special challenge, given that Zappos would be relying on couriers operating in different countries which may introduce a factor of uncertainty beyond Zappos control as to what levels of delivery performance can be met.Invest in an automatic rifle Scanning System for Inventory Control In an environment where such accurate inventory information is required, the current manual scanning of goods m ove into and leaving the distribution center is inadequate. Errors in inventory control will inevitably have a negative effect on customer satisfaction in that the system may allow a customer to purchase a product that is in fact out of stock. A system which automatically scans incoming and exiting products (magnetic doorways or similar) guarantees inventory accuracy and goes hand-in hand with the core values of the company, making it a worthwhile and even necessary investment.Limitations* The capacity of the existing distribution center in Kentucky is unknown therefore we are assuming that the current infrastructure will be comely to sustain the operations of the company to meet an increasing demand and market share in the short-term.* Suppliers which have their own fleet might be reluctant to agree to let Zappos do order pick-ups and deliver their products however, our recommendation assumes that the suppliers are flexible in this sense.* A break-up of the companys practicable c osts would be required in order to make better-informed strategy recommendations. The performed analysis is based on purely qualitative information. 1 . MGSC 602 strategical Management of Operations Coursepack, Zappos.com Developing a supply chain to deliver WOW, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Case GS-65, 02/13/09, page 276 2 . MGSC 602 strategical Management of Operations Coursepack, Zappos.com Developing a supply chain to deliver WOW, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Case GS-65, 02/13/09, page 296 3 . MGSC 602 strategic Management of Operations Coursepack, Zappos.com Developing a supply chain to deliver WOW, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Case GS-65, 02/13/09, page 273 4 . MGSC 602 strategical Management of Operations Coursepack, Zappos.com Developing a supply chain to deliver WOW, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Case GS-65, 02/13/09, page 280 5 . MGSC 602 Strategic Management of Operations Coursepack, Zappos.com Developing a supply chain to deliver WOW, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Case GS-65, 02/13/09, page 276

Market Equilibration Process Paper

trade Equilibration Process ECO / 561 Market Equilibration Process Market Equilibrium pop offs when the standard supplied is tint to quantity demanded. The expense equilibrium hurt exists when buyers and sellers price match and there is no governmental intervention (perfectly militant market). After a market is in equilibrium, there is no move for the market price to alter.For example, the law of demand states that as price goes up the quantity demand must go cut back and similarly, law of render states price goes up quantity sum up must go up (McConnel, Brue, & Flynn, 2009). Viewing the graph down the stairs we can find the equilibrium occur at the price of $3 where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supply at three units.The price is st up to(p) at $3 and at whatsoever other prices will have a Price (P) mensuration Demanded (Qd) Quantity Supplied (Qs) $1 5 1 $2 4 2 $3 3 3 $4 2 4 $5 1 5 Equilibrium occurs at P=$3 (Qs = Qd = 3 units) pic a tendency to change. At a dollor, for example, at $1 buyers are fitting to buy five units but seller are only voluntary to provide one unit to the market. In this situation, quanitity damand is greater than qualiity supply is referred to as a shortage and will result in an upward twitch in price. Since there is only one unit is available so buyers will complete to buy the one available unit by offering more money. Then price goes up and the qualitity demand decreases, quantity supply rises until equilibrium is reached (McConnel, Brue, & Flynn, 2009). pic Disequilibrium Disequilibrium occurs when the price or quantity is not equal to Price or Quantity. If the prices are high, surplus is created and there will be inefficiency. Demand surplus is created when prices are below the equilibrium price. Since the prices are low, numerous buyers want the good while suppliers are not making liberal of it. A shift in a demand or supply curve occurs when the goods quantity demanded or supplied changes but the price remains the same.Short-run and Long-run Supervalu is going through a considerable-run, which is a period when a plant or company has a long period to adjust the quantities of all the resources that it employs. I currently work for Supervalu and its change state certain retail stores such as Acme Markets because it is not producing simoleons in a certain metropolitan markets. Acme Markets price was below the minimum average variable cost and to minimize its losses, Supervalu shut down the retail stores.New retail markets such as Save-a-Lot stores are change magnitude because it targets at low-medium level income families. Pure Competition Supervalu is part of the pure rivalry because its retail stores are offering standardized products. Supervalu retail stores are able to freely enter and exit the industry. In pure competition, marginal tax revenue and price are equal (McConnel, Brue, & Flynn, 2009). Reference McConnel, C. R. , Brue, S. L. , & Flynn, S. M. (2009). Economi cs Principles, Problems, and Policies (18th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Describe and Evaluate Biological Explanations of Depression

Describe and evaluate biologic explanations of imprint in that location argon many different explanations for drop-off, including biological. Links deplete been effectuate surrounded by biochemical, genetics and hormonal unstablenesss with down in the mouth lot. In the biochemical explanation, a affaire has been found between neurotransmitter imbalances and falloff. Serotonin is associated with pleasure and mood. Mann et al found damage transmission of serotonin in people with stamp. hitherto Julian disagrees with this pedagogy and says depression may be referable to nerve cell damage alternatively than a neurotransmitter reduction.The problem with this approach is that it implies correlation and non causation, on that point may be a link exclusively something else could be causing both depression and crushed serotonin. There is the chicken and glob problem does pocket-sized serotonin cause depression or does depression cause low-toned serotonin? In other areas of psychology low serotonin has been colligate with increased aggression and eating disorders, as puff up as anxiety. someone that has low serotonin does not necessarily plow blue. There is likewise the problem where people are depressed except rescue average serotonin levels.This shows that depression is not in full start to biochemical imbalances still other things as well. It is a very simple and reductionist dumbfound and should only be included as a exposure and not the whole answer to depression. Another explanation is a genetic problem. by dint of many family studies Gershon states on that point is a clear patrimonial component to depression, particularly in bipolar disorder. Weisseman et al supports this by give tongue to that for if a fry has a parent with depression, the risk of the child having depression is increased by three times compared to the general population.This is a besotted finding just as the children take the same environs as their parents, there is a possibility that the child has learnt the behaviour with the well-disposed learning hypothesis of imitating and observing and not through genetics. Kendler et al study over 15000 jibe in Sweden and found that if one twin has depression, there is a 38% chance that the other twin will cause it too. This has strong methodology and is supported by many twin studies who have found alike(p) results. On the other hand the twins share the same environment and so environmental influences may still be possible.The results were nowhere come 100% showing that depression is not fully down to genes, the people may have a genetic vulnerability but it takes something to trigger, perhaps. It is also unclear as to how exactly genes play a role in depression, without knowing the exact genes involved. Another way to regain the significance of genes is through adoption studies. Wender found that a child is septette times more likely to have depression if the biolog ical parents were depressed and the adoption parents were not.They found little evidence of depression being learnt. nevertheless Wender got his information somewhat biological relatives just from hospital records and so there could be wrongful conduct of misdiagnosis or short-term depression only. The knowledge of whether a person has a genetic vulnerability to depression can be useful as the person is able to take preventative measures (change in lifestyle, diet to begin positivity to avoid depression), but it could be fatalistic as they view they are more likely to become depressed leading to depression.Diathesis-stress dumbfound says that depression can be better still as an fundamental interaction between genes and environmental factors. Carroll found that high-pitched levels of the endocrine gland hydrocortisone are found in those hapless from depression and techniques know to suppress cortisol secretion have been found to be flourishing in depressive patients. h owever cortisol is released when stressed and so the high levels could be due to the high levels of stress the person has when they are depressed.As depression is double as customary in women as men, it could be due to the differences in sex hormones. Post-natal depression could be due to the high levels of oestrogen and progesterone that are released during gestation period and then rapidly decrease once the shaver is born which may account for an imbalance of hormones. Cooper disagrees with this statement as there was very little difference in the number of women suffering from depression later childhood and a control group of non-pregnant women at the same age.If imbalance of hormones was the cause then most mothers should hold out this eccentric of illness but it is only a small number that get it. Menopausal depression is where oestrogen levels drop and hormone replacement therapy appears to be affective in treating many (but not all) women who suffer from this type of de pression. withal this could be due to the negative thoughts of getting older rather than the hormonal imbalance. Through the biological approach there are many possibilities. I think it is a mixture of biological vulnerabilities and stressful environments.Describe and evaluate Biological Explanations of DepressionDescribe and evaluate biological explanations of depression There are many different explanations for depression, including biological. Links have been found between biochemical, genetics and hormonal imbalances with depressed people. In the biochemical explanation, a link has been found between neurotransmitter imbalances and depression. Serotonin is associated with pleasure and mood. Mann et al found impaired transmission of serotonin in people with depression. However Julian disagrees with this statement and says depression may be due to neuron damage rather than a neurotransmitter reduction.The problem with this approach is that it implies correlation and not causatio n, there may be a link but something else could be causing both depression and low serotonin. There is the chicken and egg problem does low serotonin cause depression or does depression cause low serotonin? In other areas of psychology low serotonin has been linked with increased aggression and eating disorders, as well as anxiety. Someone that has low serotonin does not necessarily become depressed. There is also the problem where people are depressed but have normal serotonin levels.This shows that depression is not fully down to biochemical imbalances but other things as well. It is a very simplistic and reductionist model and should only be included as a vulnerability and not the whole answer to depression. Another explanation is a genetic problem. Through many family studies Gershon states there is a clear inheritable component to depression, especially in bipolar disorder. Weisseman et al supports this by saying that for if a child has a parent with depression, the risk of th e child having depression is increased by three times compared to the general population.This is a strong finding but as the children share the same environment as their parents, there is a possibility that the child has learnt the behaviour through the social learning theory of imitating and observing and not through genetics. Kendler et al studied over 15000 twins in Sweden and found that if one twin has depression, there is a 38% chance that the other twin will have it too. This has strong methodology and is supported by many twin studies who have found similar results. On the other hand the twins share the same environment and so environmental influences may still be possible.The results were nowhere near 100% showing that depression is not fully down to genes, the people may have a genetic vulnerability but it takes something to trigger, perhaps. It is also unclear as to how exactly genes play a role in depression, without knowing the exact genes involved. Another way to access the significance of genes is through adoption studies. Wender found that a child is seven times more likely to have depression if the biological parents were depressed and the adoption parents were not.They found little evidence of depression being learnt. However Wender got his information about biological relatives just from hospital records and so there could be error of misdiagnosis or short-term depression only. The knowledge of whether a person has a genetic vulnerability to depression can be useful as the person is able to take preventative measures (change in lifestyle, diet to bring positivity to avoid depression), but it could be fatalistic as they understand they are more likely to become depressed leading to depression.Diathesis-stress model says that depression can be better understood as an interaction between genes and environmental factors. Carroll found that high levels of the hormone cortisol are found in those suffering from depression and techniques known to su ppress cortisol secretion have been found to be successful in depressive patients. However cortisol is released when stressed and so the high levels could be due to the high levels of stress the person has when they are depressed.As depression is twice as common in women as men, it could be due to the differences in sex hormones. Post-natal depression could be due to the high levels of oestrogen and progesterone that are released during pregnancy and then rapidly decrease once the baby is born which may account for an imbalance of hormones. Cooper disagrees with this statement as there was very little difference in the number of women suffering from depression after childhood and a control group of non-pregnant women at the same age.If imbalance of hormones was the cause then most mothers should get this type of illness but it is only a small number that get it. Menopausal depression is where oestrogen levels drop and hormone replacement therapy appears to be affective in treating m any (but not all) women who suffer from this type of depression. However this could be due to the negative thoughts of getting older rather than the hormonal imbalance. Through the biological approach there are many possibilities. I think it is a mixture of biological vulnerabilities and stressful environments.

Ethics and the Oil Industry

As the US Economy expands to dive, unemployment persists at a level non seen since the Great Depression, and the US Federal Government sees fit to continually bailout big business, it escapes logic wherefore the cost of fossil petroleum color once again, is on the rise. The US oil companies would require us believe it has to do with the Middle East oil producing nations acidulated back on production, therefore raising the wrong. The energy traders at the raw(a) York Stock Exchange shrug it off to supply and demand. Many speculate that America has billions of surplus barrels of oil. I believe it is pure covetousness from these entities.With so many Americans struggling to survive and just keep diet on the table, would it non be ethical to enact a fount of moratorium on fuel impairments? With the Freedom of Information Act working in full force, it is simple to find information on the World replete(p) Web that most industries would rather not confuse located. Take for example, the oil industry. As the wrong of gas at the philia changes daily, US oil companies abide to rake in huge profits. Even in the come alive of the recent oil spill which has had a globular affect, BP Oil, the London-based company clear $1. 9 billion from July through September, comp atomic number 18d with $5. 3 billion a family earlier. But the fact that BP returned to profits at all, coming after a loss of $17. 2 billion in the second quarter, indicated the companys operations stay solid despite the spill (Wardell, 2010). This company set aside $40 Billion for the pending lawsuits and cleanup and helping to restore the affected economies. I do not eff, how round dropping the price at the pump if the company really wants to effectively help out?It is speculated this spill leave be felt for years to come. I wonder how many think well-nigh the Exxon Valdez spill caused by a drunken ship captain As congressional leaders begun having many meetings to discuss this so lvent, the oil company CEOs continue to lay claim a huge percentage of the profits (of mannikin no dollar figure was given), is for creating new energy sources, really? Where argon the charts and PowerPoint diagrams that consumers can review to ease our minds while we are again, paying among $3. 00 and $4. 00 for a gallon of gas?I find it interesting that when asked, not one executive was forthcoming with information related to the quarterly dividend payments to the stockholders. I am always flabbergasted by the laundry list of excuses these executives strain out of their mouths. Two of my personal favorites are, 1 Twice a year, distributively oil company shuts off part of their refinery distribution for routine maintenance. certain(p) enough, for two to four weeks the price of a gallon of gas pull up stakes jump 10 to 20 cents. What I find interesting is when the price starts to drop again why does the price not drop the wide amount of the increase?I have personally watched s everal of these inquisitions on the C-Span channel. I wonder why during the Senate/oil company meetings, this question is never asked. 2 The oil producing countries are cutting production to inflate prices. I think the United States Government believes the American normal is clueless as to what is really going on. The congressional leaders raise their voice and shape up to grill the oil execs with questions and when the meeting is over, it is a slap-on-the-wrist and stop doing that , and life continues as it does.The Senate meeting appears to have been nothing to a greater extent than a dog and pony show for the American public. Society needs to remember that congressional leaders do not have to pay for their own fuel. It continues to beg the question, who is observation out for the rest of us that do have to pay at the pump? It certainly leave behind not be the futures traders at the unsanded York Stock Exchange. For those who do not understand futures, this is when traders sp eculate on the price of specific commodities such as Gold, Orange Juice and oil.Traders buy or sell based on what they believe will be the price by a certain date. Based on this type of fabricated speculation, the value of the dollar and supposed turmoil around the world, this can have a serious effect on the price of oil, or so we are lead to believe. In California, over a 21 calendar month period, October 2006 to June 2008, a gallon of gas rose from $2. 29 to $4. 59 a gallon (Herszenhorn, 2008). On a network-news website in Tallahassee, Florida, the lead article said, social intercourse is poised to investigate what role speculators are playing in rebellion gas prices. It went on to say, The prices keep climbing. The price at this Tallahassee localize was 10 cents cheaper just six days ago. Panama City displace are nevertheless worse where the price of gas Monday jumped 10 cents a gallon just Monday afternoon. (Ray, May 2008). In April of 2008, Governors from several states called on the clean House, the Energy and Justice Departments to begin an investigation into insider trading, illegal price reparation and speculator manipulation. This included collusion within the oil companies.Amazingly, by November 24, 2008, a gallon of gas was $1. 71 a gallon. Everyone was so relieved of the undreamt of price drop, no one bothered to ask the oil companies how it was affirmable that gas could drop $2. 87 a gallon in quin months when it took 21 months to increase $2. 30. I suppose we will never know. I suppose I would not fret if I was one who had a lot of stock in any oil company. For all the comport the US Congress looks to have perfected to an art form, there are still many unanswered questions when the discussion surrounding energy and oil surface.In a New York Times article, the overall indicate was once again, no concise ideas of how to deal with the price of oil mail service. Of course, the article talked about a lot of finger pointing towards OP EC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries). The article stated, High on the list of Congressional Democrats own proposals is an eight-year old bill first introduced by Senator Herb Kohl of Wisconsin in 2000, that would classify the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries as an illegal monopoly in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act (Herszenhorn, May 2008).It went on to say, The Republicans, meanwhile, recycled some of their old proposals to increase domestic production, with bills that would allow drilling in the Arctic, as well as in the Atlantic and Pacific, and would mandate change magnitude production of fuel derived from coal (Herszenhorn, May 2008). All we hear is more rhetoric and no ideas how to help the consumer. This is not only an ethical issue it points the arrow of social responsibility to the Government that should have the American publics best interests at heart. As of this month, November 2010, The number of unemployed persons, at 14. milli on, was little changed in October. The unemployment rate remained at 9. 6 percent and has been fundamentally unchanged since May (BLS, November 2010). And yet, fuel prices still continue to rise. In Addition, the milieu will continue to suffer as talks continue about drilling in North America to distance ourselves from fo hold oil. unable to locate the article, my father told me about a news article he read several years ago that came from the oil industry. The premise was if the US no longer needed foreign oil or were to even be able to cut usage by one third, the global economy would fall apart.It sure is hard to believe that every condemnation I pull up to the pump to fill the tank It would seem from not just a national perspective but as well a global perspective, we as consumers are in a situation that will never change. As consumers look to the Federal Government to reign in the oil companies, the price at the pump continues to rise. It is difficult to know who is lying an d telling the trueness as it relates to oil. In addition, what becomes the cutoff point when I am deciding what price I am volition to pay at the pump?It seems clear that our government will not be helping to curb oil price increases. OPEC will continue to do as they see fit and the US oil companies will raise prices as every holiday approaches and/or for whatever soil they see fit. Does it really matter? When it comes to the price of oil, the consumer cannot get the straight truth out of anyone. As we continue to read in the news about the push for alternative energy sources, the discussion continues among my friends that getting away from oil will probably never happen, in our lifetime.

Katie Hopkins Response to Article Essay

On review of your article I wint let my tykeren play with friends that I deem beneath them thats what caring mothers do Apprentice star admits she tar lines playmates who are a redeeming(prenominal) influence I was shocked to see that you figure children Not but are you judging children who are too young to veritable(a) bang their actions but you go as far as to even judge them on the call they fox. Children are given names by their parents and because perplex no turn back of it, you claim that children with Victorian sounding names have smarter parents t herefore smarter kids however even a child that has been brought up in a ill environment stern flourish at a school where their education is valued. Later on, you state Similarly, I apply a mental note when Poppy and India tell me that a particular child lets call him Peter is always late for school. here you judge a child without even knowing their situation even though they could have a medical condition or have a special medical need that requires some measure to be attended to.As well as this they might even be in Gifted & Talented and be needing more attention than your daughters who whitethorn not be as gifted therefore could be a good impact on your children. You then also say If his parents cant be bothered to get him into class on time, they distinctly striket care about the education of their child and, worse still, are hindering the learning of others. My girls are as frustrated with this repeated tardiness as I am. Is it beyond the wit of a parent to get their child to school on time? First of all you dont even know the situation of the family they could be in a state of poverty and might not be able to pack to school they would have to walk.As Peter is growing it would be bad to get him to wake up at 5 so he can get to school on time when he mate up on everything he missed after school without it touch on him. After this you say When I hear my daughters talking about chi ldren who have all the latest gadgets whether its an iPhone or iPad Im immediately on my guard because they definitely wont have time to devote to homework. As a result, I will discourage both friendship. This is beyond serious as you now begin to judge children on their wealth and status. Yes, it may affect them not being able to do their homework however such an upstanding member of the community and develop mother such as yourself must know that you could simply control their use of these gadgets until they have finished their homework.

Factors Affecting Rates of Chemical Reactions Type 2.Doc Uploaded Successfully

Factors alter Rates of Chemical Reactions Prepared By Kelly Gunter For Ms. Brohman Course SCH-4U Introduction The master(prenominal) purpose of this lab was to investigate how temperature, concentration, the addition of catalysts, and the substitution of a more than reactive reactant, can affect the reaction. The shock theory explains that in coiffure for a reaction to occur, reacting bureauicles moldiness collide with one another. An effective clash makes reactants result in a reaction and for to be successful ii things must happen, the correct orientation of reactants, and the sufficient hit energy.The orientation of reactants explains that reacting particles must collide with the proper orientation relative to one another, for sufficient collision energy, it explains that the reactants must collide with energy that is sufficient to break the bonds in the reactants and to arrest to form the bonds on the products. In part 1 the heat of the collision = the increase of effec tive collisions resulting in the product, and that the increase of temperature = sufficient energy or the Ea increases. cancel 2 the increase of concentration = the rate increase of the reaction.In part 3 the increase of bonds = decrease of reaction rate. Procedure Refer to handout. Observations take time off 1 Hot water Bath Ice water bathe Room temperature Temperature of Solution 77C 11C 22C Time for sulphur to come in 6 seconds 140 seconds 79 seconds Part 2 HCl Acid Solution Time (s) for Magnesium typewriter palm tree to disappear 6. 0 mol/L 33 s 3. 0 mol/L 49 s 1. 0 mol/L 158 s 0. mol/L 1486 s Part 3 8. It took 1 drop for the violet colour to disappear. 9. It was 30 drops 10. It took 1 drop for the colour colour to disappear, but the colour lingered longer than it did in step 8. countersign In part 1, its shown that the higher the temperature was the faster it took for the sulphur to appear in the solution.In Part 2, it shows that the increase of the concentrat ion of the HCl the faster the Magnesium ribbon takes to disappear, and the lower the concentration of the HCl the slower it takes for the Magnesium Ribbon to disappear. In Part 3 the solution for Iron2sulfate it only took one drop for the colour purple to disappear, for the oxalic demigod it took 30 drops for the colour purple to disappear and in the oxalic acid with the manganese sulphate as a catalyst it took only 1 drop for the colour purple to disappear but the colour had lingered for cunt more than it did in step 3.

African American Essay Essay

African American lit is captivating, powerful, spiritual, and emotional. The recurring theme is thrall but there are others such as inequality among sexes and races, injustice, resent ment, and the well-knit belief in religion. These pieces of literary productions curb been told by the individuals who went through the go through of slavery such as Frederick Douglass and others, like Jamaica Kincaid who have a making love for writing. The writers who experienced slavery themselves had differing views of their experience and relationship with their surpass.These pieces of literature share the pain, specialty, grief and will to go that each of these individuals experienced. The first reading is, To My Old Master, by Jourdan Anderson. This piece of literature is Andersons response to a letter he has received from his old master. It is a compelling story about how knockout and bad the Whites toughened the African Americans. The master wants Anderson and his family to acclaim dorsum and fail for him. He reminds the master about how poorly they were tough while working for him.Anderson states, Although you shot at me twice before I left you, I did not want to hear of your being hurt, and am glad you are still living. (1865, p. 15). Anderson tells the master that he is making cash and his family is living and doing well. He even expresses that his children are receiving an education now. It is very seeming(a) to the lector that Andersons wife does not want to return and work for the master. Mandy says she would be afraid to go back without some proof that you were aband singled to treat us justly and kindly and we have concluded to screen your sincerity by asking you to send us our wages for the clip we served you. (1865, p. 16). Anderson remembers how horribly the woman and girls were treated, and he will never allow his daughters to go through that experience. I would stay here and starve- and die, if it come to that- than to have my girls broug ht to embarrass by the violence and wickedness of their young masters. (1865, p. 16) The end of the story the reader still feels Andersons resentment and bitterness toward the master. The next story and the one piece I enjoyed the most is, White Folks Treated Us Good by Marriah Hines. Hines states, My white people treated us decent. (p. 32). She goes onto tho explain how her master feed, dressed, and kept them well. Hines explains how terrible masters treated other slaves. Some unfortunate individuals practically have nothing to eat. Why, the modal value their owners treated them was disgraceful treated them like felines and canines (Hines, p. 32). Hines sounds fortunate and lucky to have worked for her master. The master gave the slaves Sunday off to rest and even allowed them to attend Church. impertinent other slaves Hines was never raped, beaten, or treated in a physical horrible way.The compelling part of this piece occured when the slaves were allowed to leave most of th em postulate to stay. Most of us stayed right there and raised our own crops. (p. 34). Hines knew of her emancipation but believed in her loyalty to her master and his family. The master provided her with assistance and support. A rare occurrence to read an African American piece of literature that speaks of a master in a positive and respectful manner. This master was a different man of his time. He did not take improvement of his slaves or treat them in a horrendous manner.This master use his slaves to care and run his property but treated them with respect and dignity, they deserved. Hines went onto, sweep up Benjamin F. Hines and give birth to five children. The last piece of literature is, If We Must Die by Claude McKay. This poem is about how horribly and offensive Whites treated African Americans. It is written about the race riots in 1919. It describes the strength of the African Americans standing up to the Whites even if it ultimately meant dying. McKay states, Like men well face the murderous, cowardly pack, pressed to the wall, dying but fighting back (p. 378). This poem exemplifies the bravery and the will to fight for what is right otherwise these people would have been beaten and killed for the rest of their lives. There will always be a presence of racism in the world and specifically in the United States of America. Still today African Americans are treated as as Whites. Although we as a country have come a very long way there is still work to be done. The more we educate people the less we will experience ignorance. The loathe and the idea of inferiority will slow diminish if people pose educated.I can end proudly stating that I am wed to a Black man and we have two beautiful daughters, and I give an enormous amount of respect to those who fought for what was right. References Anderson, J. (1865). To my old master. In I. reed (Ed. ), African American Literature. Abrief introduction and anthology (pp. 15-16). New York The Longman li teraryMosaic Series. serial online. December 200536(4)299-323. in stock(predicate) from donnish Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed May 23, 2011. Hines, M. (n. d. ). My white folks treated us good.In I. Reed (Ed. ), African Americanliterature. A brief introduction and anthology (pp. 21-25). New York TheLongman Literary Mosaic Series. serial online. December 200536(4)299-323. Available from Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed May 21,2011. McKay, C. (n. d. ). If we mustiness die. In I. Reed (Ed. ), African American literature. Abriefintroduction and anthology (pp. 378). New York The Longman LiterarySeriesserial online. December 200536(4)299-323. Available from AcademicSearchComplete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed Dec, 2011.

Organizational Control

Organizational control is the systematic process by dint of which managers regulate organisational activities to make them consistent with expectations established in plans, targets and standards of consummation (Kuratko, 2001). These organizational expectations ar a collection of goals and accountabilities delineated in the budget, which dish out establish performance metrics, document real(a) performances, allow comparison among the estimated and actual performance, and allow for corrective actions (Jones-George-Hill, 2003).Measures of pecuniary performance are those balances against which actual performance can be meaningfully pass judgmentd against the expectations of the budget. These measures are physical object measures of performance, and a careful analysis of a combination of these ratios may second distinguish between firms that testament eventually fail and those that will continue to survive, sometimes as early as five years before a firm fails trouble can be detected from the value of these financial ratios (Keating).These performance ratios measure scratch, liquidity, leverage and activity and the combination tell a significant story as to the overall health of an organization. Profit baron ratios stage the efficiency of the use of resources to generate salarys from organizational inputs of materials to value added activities (Jones-George-Hill, 2003). These are Return on investment and Gross Profit Margin. ROI, or chip in on investment, measures competitive advantage because it allows managers to compare performance against otherwise homogeneous organizations.Although firms will differ on how that calculation is reached internally and what activities are considered profit drivers. For instance, in her 2010 book Open Leadership, Charlene Li argues that a social media course goes beyond marketing in that it reduces other costs by non only building affinity but can reduce other costs using Ford Motor Company and Comcast as an mannequin (Li, 2010). Gross Profit Margin is the difference between the amount of taxation generated from the product and the resources apply to produce the product.For the authoritative quarter, Apple Computer is project an increase in GPM from their expectations of 36% to 37% with further expectation that will increase to 38% next quarter (Barrons, 2011). The iPad generated $4. 4-Billion in revenue finish quarter with 80% of the Fortune 100 deploying the computer (Goldman, 2011). With strong vocation acceptance and revenue performance for a market that didnt experience a year ago, the GPM associated ith such a product increases far more(prenominal) than quickly. Real Networks, on the other hand, has had significant touchyy maintaining its gross profit margin indicating it either can non control costs or that it has been forced to dismay prices (Phillips, 2011). Apple has had no downward price pressure and costs cause been kept under control (Hadhazy, 2010). Liquidity ratios measure the overall organizational preparedness to meet the short-term obligations of the organization.The steeper the ratio, the greater the organizational tycoon to secure short-term debts, but a high liquidity ratio also indicates a significant proportion of assets are being used in non-productive ways (Yahoo Finance). Two common liquidity measures are the flow rate ratio and the quick ratio. The present-day(prenominal) ratio is the difference between current assets and current liabilities and it speaks to the question of whether there are bountiful assets to have claims on short-term debts without selling inventory.The ratio expression indicates how much money is visible(prenominal) versus how much short term debt is outstanding. A ratio of 21 indicates $2 in assets for every $1 in debt. The Motley scar dissects Real Networks stock performance while determining whether or not to sell the stock. One positive sign for the ships company is a high current ratio 3. 13 (Phillips, 2011). However, while the company has miniscule debt, the companys equity has been shrinking over the past 5-years, so a question to ask is do they have too high a current ratio, bearing in mind that represents non-productive assets?There are enough assets to pay short-term claims, but the stock performance lags the S&P by almost 2/3 raising the question in my mind if they have too much non-performing assets on hand which take on to be reevaluated. The quick ratio answers the question of whether an organization can pay claims without selling inventory. Inventory is not necessarily worth the amount represented on the books, and repitiful it from this calculation gives a better view of whether or not an organization has liquid assets available.If a company has too much of its liquidity tied up in inventory, it will be dependent on selling that inventory to finance its operations and will have a low quick ratio (Motley Fool). Leverage ratios measure the use of debt or e quity to finance operations, with the use of debt becoming problematic if profits cannot cover the interest on the debt (Jones-George-Hill, 2003). Two common such ratios are debt-to-assets ratio and times-covered ratio. Debt to assets shows to what extent the organization is financed with debt, with a lower number being more favorable.With a low number, an organization and its investors can be more confident a company can weather unvoiced times. Real Networks, as discussed earlier, has a debt to equity ratio button up to zero, largely because there is close to no debt this is a company which can weather some difficult times, however while the debt remains low, the equity is decreasing as intimately signaling there may be some continuing difficult times (Phillips, 2011). The times-covered ratio measures the extent to which a companys can meet its current debt obligations with available net income.If the times-covered ratio declines to less than 1, then the company is futile to meet its interest costs and is technically insolvent (Jones-George-Hill, 2003). Activity ratios are a measure of an organizations utilization of resources to create value. For a company to be profitable, it must be able to manage its inventory, because it is money invested that does not make up a return. So, inventory turnover measures how well a company is moving its inventory so the assets are not carried as non-performing assets and days gross revenue outstanding measures how quickly that inventory is converted to payment on what it owed.I worked for a small printing company which was dependent on its ability to collect on outstanding projects age of account was an important measure of the companys health and much effort was placed on collecting. Inventory was not an option as each job was laughable to the client and was good only for that client. These measures attend to direct the activities of the organization and help set the goals of the organization. The indicate the he alth of the company, by measuring the management specialty in meeting the organizational goals.

Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Assessment and Discuss the Roles of the Clinical Interview

Learning Objectives 1. Define clinical assessment and discuss the roles of the clinical interview, tests, and observations. clinical assessment is an evaluation of a patients physical condition and prognosis ground on information gathered from physical and laboratory examinations and the patients medical history. clinical interview is a face to face encounter meeting. Tests are devices for crowd information about a few aspects of a persons psychological functioning, from which broader information about the person can be inferred.Observations clinicians systematically get wind their clients behavior. Naturalistic observation clinicians observe their clients in their everyday client. one-dimensional observation clinicians observe their clients in an artificial setting, such as a clinical office or laboratory. Self monitoring clients are instructed to observe themselves. 2. Summarize the axis approach of the DSM series and describe the general features of DSM-IV-TR. The DSM-IV-TR, lists nigh 400 disorders.It requires clinicians to evaluate a clients condition on five separate axes. 3. List the major classification of disorders from Axis I of the DSM-IV-TR. Axis I Major depressive disorder such as anxiousness disorders and mood disorders. 4. reason the dangers of diagnosing and labeling in classifying mental disorders. Clinicians will non always arrive at the correct conclusion. Another problem colligate to diagnosis is the prejudice that labels arouse, which may be damaging to the person who is diagnosed. . Discuss types and effectiveness of treatment s for mental disorders. Therapist treatment plans typically reflect their theoretical orientations and how they have learned to conduct therapy. Current investigate may play a role. Evidenced based treatment or empirically supported. Determining the effectiveness of the treatment is difficult because therapist resist in their ways of defining and measuring success.

Proposal Argument Essay

Licensing for ad hominem trainers legitimizing the profession. In its throw form, personalized pedagogy only dates c ein truth lieu song a few decades, yet it is among the fastest growing professions in the U. S. (Holt). In the 80s and 90s personal trainers were predominantly overburdened lifters who looked desire they could soon compete in a bodybuilding contest. The herculean physique automatic exclusivelyy strung-out each of them as guru in the fitness world and helped quickly build a knobele.Towards the late-90s, the situation started to change gyms became less(prenominal) and less of an intimidating environment for a wide category of mass with no desire to become huge. Personal trainers of a wise genesis expanded their specialization to weight loss, cardio vascular wellness, toning and general fitness which make prep bedness itself to a greater extent accessible for all age groups, pile with diametric skill levels and special requirements. As a presidency i ssue. , the trainers demarcation today has become very complex and goes much farther instruction manual during a organizeout posing.It cant be successfully performed without a strong haveledge of anatomy, kinesiology, program development and even psychology You volition assume that someone who guides and assists you in developing wellness and fitness moldiness be a specialist in this ara of knowledge. Of course hardly now do you know that one can become a advised personal trainer by taking an online test for less than one hundred dollars? Its true Competence and skill level of many trainers you chink at health clubs and gyms is low and they are trustedly not cost the money spent.Moreover, your health is under potential risk The solution to this caper can be achieved through a required licensing of personal trainers just like other health/ medical exam professionals. This would benefit both the semipublic and the personal training profession. As a fitness trainer for over seven days, I truly suppose that our industry desperately demand more regulations. My background in gymnastics in addition to twain certifications from Wellness Academy (Russia) and International Sports Science Association (USA) surely micturate me a big advantage over someone who spent $69.95 and a couple weeks learning all the nitty-gritty of personal training to withstand so called ExpertRating Online Certification (Personal Training Certification).So you may think the less my competitors know the better my serve look in comparison with their. No, its not that easy I would rather have a strong contest than constantly disprove common position about personal trainers as mass with weak knowledge base who flirt with thickenings, bark orders and very practically behave unprofessionally.A few condemnations I trained people who had bad experience with a trainer in the past and it matt-up like I had to break the wall of apprehension and dis practice originally they to ok me seriously. Not only I had to defend myself in some ways but there were also financial consequences when clients refused to pay me upfront (usually a client prepays for a package of sessions) and thats why I got pay on session-by-session basis with no commitment from clients side. I personally know a few trainers who collected money for the training and disappeared while their clients have been left with nothingTherefore, such a rule like licensing could be a very effective control promoter for the industry and could hold open trainers accountable for their actions. From clients perspective, mandatory licensing can become a guarantee of receiving a high quality service safe and cost-effective workout. Nancy Howard, a health professional and a Certified Running Coach, situates in her article Poll Should Personal Trainers Be Licensed When we place our trust in those who will come up to us on the proper travel guidebook to reclaiming our health and fitness, it is import ant that we have full disclosure of their qualifications.Her words performer a lot in todays situation, when many people seeking for personal trainers help have some sort of health issue that limit their ability to perform certain movements or fictional character of physical activity. I had the opportunity to work with clients who had knee replacements, severe layer of scoliosis, arthritis, diabetes, past injuries and so on. You can easily hurt a client or worsen an existing condition by using opposed exercising techniques and approaches. Once Ive seen a trainer who made his smart client with swayback (lordosis) do multiple low back habits with evidentiary weight.With such a spine condition you have to be passing helpful when perform any activity involving low back and essential primarily focus on strengthening your abdominal muscles and back of the thighs in order to balance the inward curvature of spine. As a result of that unconsidered workout the client had extreme ba ck pains and firm to s gratuity training. Not only this could be prevented if a trainer had more knowledge about lordosis (which is pretty easy to determine), but the client would be able to improve his back condition with appropriate exercise routine.This example shows that some certification organizations fail to provide the market with well-qualified and knowledgeable professionals. They are not regulated by state and often offer take-home or on-online tests which objectivity is questionable. Licensing, on the other side, factor a across the nation standardized test and leaves no place for cheating. It is fire to note that Howard makes a comparison between personal trainers and other health professionals like Registered Nurses, Licensed Vocational Nurses, Physical Therapists and Registered Dietitians who required to be commissioned by the state which they practice.According to her, there is no reason why personal trainers should be treated any various as their services belo ngs to the aforesaid(prenominal) field (Howard). In my opinion, this analogy is more than appropriate considering that clients are give almost as much for a private training session as for the one-hour massage or a visit to dietician. Moreover, Howard mentions two arouse points in favor of the licensing. First, it will facilitate referrals from traditional health care providers, and, secondly, the insurance companies will be more likely to reimburse for services if personal trainers are licensed (Howard).This misbegottens more people would be able to afford training that is safe and effective. Clearly, the transformation of personal training industry wont be easy. Joe Cannon (personal trainer, author and health educator) states that a government mandated fitness license might also mean an end to fitness organizations all together. At the present moment, there are dozens of certifying fitness organizations within US and, for obvious reasons, they are resisting to proposed ordin ance changes.If personal trainers needed a license Cannon says then all fitness organizations would come under the jurisdiction of the government and the licensing would be standardized. I understand how much multimillion dollar certification business would be change but new market conditions will automatically eliminate companies like ExpertRating Online Certification and increase the entrance barrier into the profession. Im sure strong certification organizations like NASM, ACE, IFTA, ACMS and a few others would find their place in the restructured industry although they will fight against licensing to the last breath.As a interdict factor of licensing Cannon mentions that each trainer would be paying the government every year or so to maintain their license thats in addition to what they pay for fitness continuing education classes. Of course, no one would be happy about it but the level of discontented will depend on the amount of a fee. Im already paying about 500-600 do llars every two years to keep my certification valid and another 400 dollars for insurance so if the new expense would stay within the same range there shouldnt be a problem. Another concern regarding potential licensing of personal trainers is difficulties in its obtaining.Senate Bill 2164 (Fitness nonrecreational Licensing Act) proposed in New jersey in 2008 requires a licensure To complete an canonical course of study of not less than 300 in-person classroom hour. which shall include not less than 50 hours of an unpaid internship in the presence of and under the direct supervision of, a licensed fitness professional, which internship shall be provided by the drill providing the approved course of study and (b) have passed an examination administered or approved by the board or (2) possess an associates or bachelors degree in physical education, exercise science, exercise physiology or bighearted fitness.(S2164) The majority of fitness professionals community finds this bill inappropriate for experienced and qualified trainers who are in the business for years. It basically means they would have to go back to school and put their clients aside for a while. I personally know a few trainers without a degree but with years of work in the field and several certifications of all kinds. There are no doubts about their qualification Nevertheless according to the Fitness Professional Licensing Act these people would need 50 hours of unpaid internship which is absolutely pie-eyedJoe Stein, president of Renaissance Fitness & Wellness Inc. , also expresses his negative opinion about the bill by saying that the New Jersey state senate is trying to balance the bloated state budget on the backs of personal trainers and their clients (Halvorson). On the other side, proposed legislation requirements establish a comprehensive educational program for people entering the field.Therefore beginner trainers would not only have a strong theoretical skillsbut a real life work experience in the gym. There is no such certification at the present moment that can offer internship or any kind of workshop unless you are ready to pay another 600 dollars on top of the certification cost. Despite all advantages that licensing can potentially bring into the personal training industry, proposed legislation in New Jersey, Maryland and Georgia in 2008 achieved no success (State Licensing of Personal Trainers Update December 2008).The bill doesnt consider existing circumstances of the profession and is unrealistic at its present format. However, National Board of Fitness Examiners started to work on one nationally standardized examination process in lieu of 50 different state board exams (State Licensing of Personal Trainers Update December 2008). So when the time is right it can be used by states and will repeal a possibility when the exams could be developed by people removed the profession (State Licensing of Personal Trainers Update December 2008).After all, I strongly believe that licensing is necessary in personal training business as it legitimizes the profession. I want to be recognized as a specialist in the eyes of potential clients and people in a health/medical field. From the business owners perspective, licensing would be extremely helpful in finding properly educated and experienced trainers whose work can determine to the high standards that I set for my clients.