Concrete Homes - Best Bet on a Windy Day

When hurricanes and typhoons howl, the greatest danger to people and property is flying debris. Carried at such intense velocity, a 2 x 4 piece of lumber will become a missile that can slice through walls. When an EF2 tornado moved through central Georgia in 2008, a board from an awning was ripped off, took flight across the street, and impaled itself deep into an adjacent solid concrete wall. FEMA tells us this is a common wind-related event and recommends the building of safe rooms. Researchers at the National Wind Institute of Texas Tech University in  Lubbock have determined that concrete walls are strong enough to withstand flying debris from hurricanes and tornadoes. According to their findings, homes made of concrete are much more storm-resistant than houses constructed of wood or even wood studs with steel plates. The ramifications of these research studies are changing the way we build. The Research Study The Debris Impact Facility at Texas Tech is well-known for its pneumatic cannon, a device capable of launching various materials of different sizes at different speeds. The cannon is in a laboratory, a controlled environment, To duplicate hurricane-like conditions in the laboratory, researchers shot wall sections with 15-pound 2 x 4 lumber missiles at up to 100 mph, simulating debris carried in a 250 mph wind. These conditions cover all but the most severe tornadoes. Hurricane wind speeds are less than the speeds modeled here. Missile tests designed to demonstrate damage from hurricanes use a 9-pound missile traveling about 34 mph. Researchers tested 4 x 4-foot sections of concrete block, several types of insulating concrete forms, steel studs, and wood studs to rate performance in high winds. The sections were finished as they would be in a completed home: drywall, fiberglass insulation, plywood sheathing, and exterior finishes of vinyl siding, clay brick, or stucco. All of the concrete wall systems survived the tests with no structural damage. Lightweight steel and wood stud walls, however, offered little or no resistance to the missile. The 2 x 4 ripped through them. Intertek, a commercial product and performance testing company, has also done research with their own canon at Architectural Testing Inc. They point out that the safety of a concrete home can be deceptive if the house is built with unreinforced concrete block, which offers some protections but not total. Recommendations Reinforced concrete homes have proven their wind-resistance in the field during tornadoes, hurricanes, and typhoons. In Urbana, Illinois, a home constructed with insulating concrete forms (ICFs) withstood a 1996 tornado with minimal damage. In the Liberty City area of Miami, several concrete form homes survived Hurricane Andrew in 1992. In both cases, neighboring homes were destroyed. In the fall of 2012, Hurricane Sandy blew apart the older wood construction homes on the New Jersey coast, leaving alone the newer townhouses built with insulating concrete forms. Monolithic domes, which are made of concrete and rebar in one piece, have proven especially strong. The sturdy concrete construction combined with the dome shape make these innovative homes nearly impervious to tornadoes, hurricanes, and earthquakes. Many people cannot get over the look of these homes, however, although some brave (and wealthy) homeowners are experimenting with more modern designs. One such futuristic design has a hydraulic lift to actually move the structure below the ground before a tornado strikes. Researchers at Texas Tech University recommend that houses in tornado-prone areas build in-residence shelters of either concrete or  heavy gauge sheet-metal. Unlike hurricanes, tornadoes come with little warning, and reinforced interior rooms can offer more safety than an exterior storm shelter. Other advice researchers offer is to design your home with a hip roof instead of a gable roof, and everyone should use  hurricane straps to keep the roof on and the timbers straight. Concrete and Climate Change — More Research To make concrete, you need cement, and its well-known that the manufacturing of cement releases great amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during the heating process. The building trade is one of the largest contributors to climate change, and cement makers and the people who purchase their product are some of the largest contributors to what we know to be greenhouse gas pollution. Research on new production methods will no doubt be met with resistance from a very conservative industry, but at some point consumers and governments will make new processes affordable and necessary. One company trying to find solutions is Calera Corporation of California. They have focused on recycling CO2 emissions into the production of a calcium carbonate cement. Their process uses the chemistry found in nature — what formed the White Cliffs of Dover and the shells of marine organisms? Researcher David Stone accidentally discovered an iron carbonate-based concrete when he was a graduate student at the University of Arizona. IronKast Technologies, LLC is in the process of commercializing Ferock and Ferrocrete, made from steel dust and recycled glass. Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) known as Ductal ® has been used successfully by Frank Gehry in the Louis Vuitton Foundation Museum in Paris and by architects Herzog de Meuron in the Pà ©rez Art Museum Miami (PAMM). The strong, thin concrete is expensive, but its a good idea to watch what the Pritzker Laureate architects are using, as they are often the first experimenters. Universities and government entities continue to be the incubators for new materials, researching and engineering composites with different properties and better solutions. And its not just concrete  Ã¢â‚¬â€ the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has invented a glass substitute, a transparent, tough-as-armor ceramic called spinel (MgAl2O4). Researchers at MITs Concrete Sustainability Hub are also concentrating their attention on cement and its microtexture  Ã¢â‚¬â€ as well as the cost-effectiveness of these new and expensive products. Why You Might Want to Hire an Architect Building a home to withstand natures fury is not a simple task. The process is neither a construction nor design problem alone. Custom builders can specialize in insulated concrete rorms (ICF), and even give their end-products safe-sounding names like Tornado Guard, but architects can design beautiful buildings with evidence-based material specifications for builders to use. Two questions to ask if you are not working with an architect are 1. Does the construction company have architects on staff? and 2. Has the company financially sponsored any of the research testing? The professional field of architecture is more than sketches and floor plans. Texas Tech University even offers a Ph.D. in Wind Science and Engineering. Sources Inline photo link of Georgia tornado by Mike Moore/FEMA PhotoStorm Shelter Research and Storm Shelter FAQs, National Wind Institute, Texas Tech University [accessed November 20, 2017]A summary report on Debris Impact Testing at Texas Tech University, Prepared by Wind Science and Engineering Research Center, June 2003, PDF at https://www.depts.ttu.edu/nwi/research/DebrisImpact/Reports/DIF_reports.pdf [accessed November 20, 2017]Guidance for Wind Resistant Residential Design, Construction Mitigation, Larry J. Tanner, P.E., NWI Research Assistant Professor, Debris Impact Facility, National Wind Institute, Texas Tech University, PDF at http://www.depts.ttu.edu/nwi/research/DebrisImpact/Reports/GuidanceforWindResistantResidentialDesign.pdf [accessed November 20, 2017]Hurricane-Proof Construction Methods Can Prevent the Destruction of Communities,  Zach Mortice, Redshift by AutoDesk, November 9, 2017, https://www.autodesk.com/redshift/hurricane-proof-construction-methods-can-save-buildi ngs-communities/ [accessed November 20, 2017]

The Relationship between Playing Multiplayer Online Games...

This research attempts to identify if any, a relationship between playing multiplayer online games and developing communication like skills. Online multiplayer video games involve thousands of players all over the world who may play solo, in teams, or with one other player. To begin the study, a survey will be created in order to gather information on the communication skills of collaborative gaming individuals. The survey will have subjects answer different questions regarding their communication behavior during videogame playing. In addition the number of years that a subject has played a particular video game or participated in online video gaming will also be gathered. The reason why using surveys is the method of choice for this study†¦show more content†¦This sample size is appropriate because the study must account for the vast number of multiplayer games that a respondent may participate in, which may have an impact on their communication skills. It is important to r ecognize however, that this particular sample, though a convenience sample, is also made up of respondents who are part of the gaming community. Thus, this sample has certain limitations in that the data will compiled from a self-selected sample. Section 3: Key Variables The main question was to identify whether online collaborative gaming improved communication skills. Four variables were used to assess whether communication skills could be improved due to online gaming they are as follows: team communication skills, communication through leadership skills, autocratic leadership skills, and leadership through democracy skills. The team communication skills variable which consists of questions on the survey 1-7 which can be found in the Appendix as 1B measure a respondents perception about their own communication skill level as a member of a cooperative team. These responses were measured by using a Likert Scale on a 5 point system with Strongly Disagree â€Å"1† to â€Å"5† Strongly Agree. These 7 questions were averaged and the higher the score received by the respondent, the better team communication skills they believe they had. The next six items, questions 8-13 were used to identify the respondents’ perceptions about their skills as a leader of aShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship between The Use of Technological Communication and Social Skills in College Students 1793 Words   |  7 PagesThis study examined the relationship between the use of technological communication and social skills in college students. 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The Maguindanao Massacre free essay sample

This study aimed to answer the following questions. What is the present situation of the peace and order in the Philippines particularly in Maguindanao? What are the actions made by the government to the following: Persons affected by the massacre To the place itself (Maguindanao) What are the effects of Maguindanao Massacre to the tourism industry? The researchers used a descriptive method as the study refers to the data analysis that will be applied to it and they’ve gathered data that describe events, tabulate describes the data collection. Since qualitative approach was used the researchers gathered more information using the help of internet, television radio news reports and some reliable news papers. They’ve selected a certain group of officials that are involved to the incident and gave them survey questions which were discussed and tabulated to get a uniform set of results in order to get all needed and useful information about the study. The survey was conducted with a minimum of 100 people from DOT, PNP, AFP Hotels in Manila and some selected airlines in the Philippines. Each of them was given 20 survey questionnaires in order to have a determined and broad perspective on the development of the study. CONCLUSION 1. On the study regarding Maguindano massacre, the present situation of the peace and order in Maguindanao is that the people and the place itself still needs additional assistance. 2. The result on the study made by the researchers on what are the actions made by the government to the persons affected and to the place itself, Maguindanao, is the declaration of martial law but then people were not satisfied by the actions made by the government. People believe that the rules should be revise to prevent such incident. 3. The effects of Maguindanao massacre to the Tourism Industry are the cancellations of bookings in Airline and Hotels, the travel advisory not to visit the Philippines. One of the biggest impacts is the decrease in foreign investment. Some foreigners don’t want to make up their business here in the Philippines because they think that they will only get losses. Since our country was also declared as second most dangerous countries for journalists. RECOMMENDATION: To the government: The government should not be biased and should give the appropriate punishment for the responsible for the massacre. The law should be enforced and should be strengthened. They should give more protection to the media men and journalists like giving them escort especially to the most dangerous places scene. To prevent such crime, the law especially in Maguindanao should be revised and they must add military support to maintain peace and order. To the people of Maguindanao: To the people of Maguindanao especially to the family of the victims, now that such incident occurred, they should open their minds and not be blinded by powerful politicians that do not deserve to be elected. The people should work hand in hand to improve the peace and order in their place and for the state of calamity to be lifted. In that way, they can encourage other people especially the tourists, to visit their place again and to give back the pride and beauty that Maguindanao used to have. To the next researcher: Study the topic to be able to give clear answer. The researchers focused on the Maguindanao massacre history and its effect to the tourism industry. They therefore recommend the next researchers to study the justice that should be given to the victims and their families as well as improving the Philippines reputation on being declared as the second most dangerous country. The next researchers can also investigate through their surveys if they think that Ampatuan is really guilty for the said crime. They can focus on the appropriate punishment that should be given to the people who are responsible as well. Key informant will also help the study to have more information by interviewing the officials and residents that are related to the Maguindanao massacre. TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedicationi Acknowledgementii Abstractiii Table of Contentsvi List of Table and Graphviii Chapter – I Introduction1 Statement of the Problem1 Conceptual Framework2 Significance of the Study3 Scope and Delimitation4 Definition of Terms4 Chapter II – Review of Related Literature The Maguindanao History and its Government 5 The Maguindanao Massacre8 Effect of Maguindanao Massacre to the Tourism Industry18 Chapter III – Methodology Research Design19 Research Method19 Respondents of the Study20 Research Process21 Chapter IV – Presentation of Data and Analysis Respondents Profile23 Graph, Table and Analysis of the Survey Questions 26 Result37 Chapter V – Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation Summary38 Conclusion39 Recommendation40 Bibliography42 Appendix A45 Appendix B46 Appendix C47 The Respondents Profile Graph and Table No. 1 Age Graph and Table No. 2 Gender Graph and Table No. 3 Occupation Table and Graph from question 1 10 Graph and Table no. 1 The present situation of the peace and order in Maguindanao Graph and Table no. 2 Number of people who heard about the Maguindanao massacre Graph and Table no. 3 People feel about the Maguindanao massacre Graph and Table no. 4 The roles of the government to maintain peace and order in Maguindanao Graph and Table no. 5 Actions made by the government in order to attain peace and order in Maguindanao Graph and Table no. 6 The satisfaction of people to the actions taken by the government Graph and Table no. 7 Possible actions should be done if the answer is no Graph and Table no. 8 The citizens felt about the Maguindanao massacre Graph and Table no. 9 Number of people who answered if they were affected by Maguindanao massacre Graph and Table no. 10 Effects of the Maguindanao massacre in the Tourism Industry CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Introduction Peace and order is one of the indispensable components that must be in place to boost Domestic and International Tourism, without it there can no be successful Tourism Industry. While Maguindanao province is part of Mindanao which is part of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao or (ARMM), and located far away from Luzon and Visayas it does affect the Tourism Industry as a result of the massacre of more than 60 civilian including 30 journalist or media men there by getting worldwide attention particularly the International Media Institution. This incident as well as the subsequent imposition of Martial Law in the Maguindanao province create a very negative image of violence and absence of peace and order in Mindanao unparticular and the rest of the country as a whole that said, potential Foreign Tourist that would like to visit the Philippines is discourage much more loss interest or enthusiasm to visit our country. Statement of the Problem: This study aimed to answer the following questions. What is the present situation of the peace and order in the Philippines particularly in Maguindanao? What are the actions made by the government to the following: Persons affected by the massacre To the place itself (Maguindanao) What are the effects of Maguindanao Massacre to the tourism industry? Conceptual Framework Tourism industry players in the Philippines are now working double time to control the damage done on the image of out country by the gruesome massacre in Maguindanao. The massacre, which killed 57 people, including journalists and unarmed women, took place in the town of Ampatuan last November 23, 2009 and has taken center stage on both local and international news in and out of the country. Effects of the massacre on the tourism industry have reportedly been immediately felt. There have been cancellations made on both hotel bookings and flights to the country. If we will not handle the situation properly, it might snowball negatively into something bigger. There is a need for a concerted effort to clear the image of the Philippines, especially in Southern Mindanao; we must divert the attention of our tourists and investors to the more positive side and issues of our country and not from what has occurred in Maguindanao. Significance of the Study We are all aware of the mass execution happened in Maguindanao. This study will help us to know the present situation of the peace and order in Maguindanao. Also the impact o us to investigate and be alert of what’s happening in the following cases: One, the creation of a commission outside the government to investigate the crime; Two, the arrest and prosecution of all the people involved in it in any way, as murderers themselves or their protectors; Three, the formation of a special court to try the case; Four, fully guaranteed protection for the witnesses; Five, the disarming and dismantling of all private armies, such as those evidently employed in the massacre. Six, the enlistment of persons of unquestioned probity in the whole process; And finally, the resignation of the government if it fails to deliver such basic satisfaction – indeed, the very same government that has encouraged, by partisanship and conspiracy, the culture of impunity of which the massacre has been the most abominable manifestation. Scope and Delimitation The Maguindanao mass killing that includes 57 people has become the worst case of media and political cruelty in the world history. It is just because the government tolerates the armed groups for a long time. Regarding to the tolerated loose firearms resulting to mass killings, full implementation of the law, is most for a good government. With the full implementation of the law, abusive in power can do nothing. It has been easy for us to gather information about the mass killing since the incident was recent. Internet, newspaper and news on television had helped us to complete our study which is the Maguindanao Massacre also known as the Ampatuan Massacre. The Ampatuan Massacre had happen November 2009. Definition of Terms The following words are defined for a better understanding in the study: Peace the acknowledgment of equality and fairness in political relationships and, in world matters,  peacetime; a state of being absent of any  war  or conflict. Peace and order – its objective was to end and settle the armed conflict, it provides the establishment of autonomy for Muslims in Mindanao within the realm of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Philippines. Tourism industry those sectors which enable the tourist to travel to and from the destination or the he human component of tourism. Political power is a type of  power  held by a  group  in a  society  which allows administration of some or all of public resources, including labor, and wealth. Political dynasty This hits both administration and opposition officials who ignore the democratic value of equal access to opportunities for public service at the national and local level. The Maguindanao History and its Government Maguindanao is a province of the Philippines located in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). Its capital is Shariff Aguak. It borders Lanao del Sur to the north, Cotabato to the east, and Sultan Kudarat to the south. A. 1 Geography of Maguindanao Maguindanao is composed of 36 municipalities, which are further subdivided into 492 barangays. Cotabato City is often grouped with Maguindanao, but it actually independent from the province. The p rovince is divided into two congressional districts. In October 2006, the first congressional district was split off into a new province, Shariff Kabunsuan. However, the ARMMs Act creating the province was nullified by the Supreme Court in July 2008, on the basis that creation of a province is a function of the Philippine legislature. The area has since reverted to the province of Maguindanao. A. 2 Government of Maguindano Maguindanao is divided into two congressional districts, which elect members to the House of Representatives. For the brief period that the province of Shariff Kabunsuan existed, Maguindanao became a lone-district province. Since the appointment of a new set of provincial officials for the reunified province of Maguindanao by the ARMM Governor in January 2009, the provincial government has reverted to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan setup (coterminous with the restored 1st and 2nd Congressional districts of Maguindanao) from before Shariff Kabunsuan was created. Having elected to join the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), Maguindanao also sends six representatives (three per district) to the ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly that convenes in Cotabato City. A. History of Maguindanao Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan of Johore introduced Islam in the area at the end of the 15th century. He subsequently married a local princess from the Iranun Tribe of Malabang and Maguindanao Province, and established the Sultanate of Maguindanao. The Cotabato Valley formed the sultanates heartland but its influence extended from the Zamboanga Peninsula to Sarangani Bay and Davao. The Spaniards launched expeditions to subdue the area throughout the colonial era but they never gained control of the region until the middle of the 19th century. During the American period, Cotabato became a district of the Moro Province created in 1903 and a province of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu in 1914. In 1942, the Japanese Imperial forces entered what is now Maguindanao. In 1945, Maguindanao was liberated by allied Philippine Commonwealth troops and Maguindanaoan guerrilla units after defeating the Japanese Imperial forces in the Battle of Maguindanao during the Second World War. The old province of Cotabato was divided in 1966 into Cotabato and South Cotabato. In 1973, the successor province of Cotabato was split into the provinces of Maguindanao, (North) Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat. Maguindanao is the only Muslim-majority province of the four created out of the original Cotabato Province. In 1989, majority of its voters opted to join the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao but Cotabato City did not, which, ironically, has since served as the provisional capital of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). On October 31, 2006, Maguindanao voters approved the creation of a new province to be composed of 10 towns from the province. Of more than 500,000 voters registered, 285,372 favored the creation of the province, and 8,802 voted against it. The new province, Shariff Kabunsuan, became the countrys 80th province and the 6th in the ARMM. It was composed of the towns of Datu Odin Sinsuat, Kabuntalan, Upi, Sultan Kudarat, Datu Blah T. Sinsuat, Sultan Mastura, Parang, Buldon, Matanog and Barira. However, in July 2008, the Supreme Court nullified the provinces creation, restoring its municipalities to Maguindanao. A. 4 2009 Election Violence in Maguindanao On November 23, 2009, a 2010 gubernatorial election caravan supporting Esmael Mangudadatu, vice mayor of Buluan, was attacked. Fifty-seven people were killed, including Mangudadatus wife and sisters, supporters, local journalists, and bystanders. On December 4, 2009 a number of homes belonging to the Ampatuan political family were raided in connection with the massacre. President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo officially declared martial law in the province of Maguindanao on December 5, 2009, Saturday morning. In a press conference past 7 am, Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita announced Proclamation No. 1959 declaring a state of martial law and suspending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in the province of Maguindanao, except for certain areas identified as bailiwicks of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) separatists. The declaration of martial law will lead to the arrests without warrants of other members of the Ampatuan family who have been linked to the November 23 massacre of 58 civilians. The Maguindanao Massacre The Maguindanao massacre, also known as the Ampatuan massacre (after the town where the mass graves were found), occurred on the morning of November 23, 2009, in the town of Ampatuan in Maguindanao province, on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. The victims were about to file a certificate of candidacy for Esmael Mangudadatu, vice mayor of Buluan town. Mangudadatu was challenging Datu Unsay mayor Andal Ampatuan, Jr. , son of the incumbent Maguindanao governor Andal Ampatuan, Sr. , in the forthcoming Maguindanao gubernatorial election, part of the national elections in 2010. The 57 people killed included Mangudadatus wife, his two sisters, lawyers, aides, and motorists who were witnesses or were mistakenly identified as part of the convoy. The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) has called the Maguindanao massacre the single deadliest event for journalists in history. At least 34 journalists are known to have died in the massacre. In a statement, CPJ executive director Joel Simon noted that the killings, appears to be single deadliest event for the press since 1992, when CPJ began keeping detailed records on journalist deaths. The CPJ further noted that, â€Å"Even as we tally the dead in this horrific massacre, our initial research indicates that this is the deadliest single attack on the press ever documented by CPJ. † Even before the Maguindanao massacre, the CPJ had labeled the Philippines the second most dangerous country for journalists, second only to Iraq. B. 1 Background of Maguindanao Massacre The Ampatuans had been in control of Magu indanao since 2001. Andal Ampatuan, Sr. came first into prominence when President Corazon Aquino appointed him as officer-in-charge of Maganoy (now Shariff Aguak) in 1986 right after the People Power Revolution. Aquino, having come into power via revolutionary means, replaced every locally-elected official with officers-in-charge, although the town of Maganoy was approached differently; the ageing mayor, Pinagayaw Ampatuan, was replaced by his vice mayor, Andal Sr. He won the 1988 local elections, then served for ten years. In the 1998 elections, Andal Sr. was elected as governor. Members of Lakas-Kampi-CMD, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo lists Andal Sr. , as a major ally in Mindanao. Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) regional governor Zaldy Ampatuan was the partys regional chairman. Andal Sr. the family patriarch, has been provincial governor since 1998; he has been elected thrice, unopposed. Eighteen of the mayors in Maguindanao belong to the clan. The elder Ampatuan attributed his popularity to popular support, adding Because I am so loved by the constituencies of the municipalities, they ask me to have my sons as representatives. In the 2004 presidential elections, Arroyo w on 69% of Maguindanaos vote; three years later, the party-backed coalition scored a 12-0 sweep of the senatorial elections in the province. Unable to run for a third term, he is currently grooming his son, Andal, Jr. to succeed him as governor. With escalating tensions in the province, Arroyo, as head of the Lakas-Kampi-CMD, mediated between the Ampatuans and the Mangudadatus (both are from the same party) to prevent election-related violence. Three meetings were held in mid-2009, with one meeting hosted by then Secretary of National Defense and current party chairman Gilberto Teodoro, who is running to succeed Arroyo as president. Arroyos adviser for political affairs Gabriel Claudio, disclosed that there was an initial agreement in principle that no Mangudadatu would contest Ampatuan Sr. s gubernatorial post. Two days before the incident, the mass grave was prepared using a backhoe emblazoned with the name of Maguindanao Gov. Andal Ampatuan Sr. , and apparently owned by the Ampatuan family. B. 2 Maguindanao Massacre Attack Buluan Vice Mayor Esmael Toto Mangudadatu invited 37 journalists to cover the scheduled filing of his certificate of candidacy (COC) at the Commission on Elections provincial office in Shariff Aguak. He said reports had reached him that his rivals had threatened to chop him into pieces once he filed his COC, and felt the presence of journalists would deter such an attack. A local report stated that at about 9:00 AM, a convoy of six vehicles carrying journalists, lawyers, and relatives of Vice Mayor Mangudadatu left Buluan to file his COC at the Comelec office in Shariff Aguak. The convoy is composed of six vehicles: four Toyota Grandia vans (one grey, one green, and two white) owned by the Mangudadatu family; and two media vehicles – a Pajero owned by DZRH broadcast journalist Henry Araneta and a Mitsubishi L-300 van owned by UNTV. There is a seventh vehicle, a Grandia boarded by mediamen. But it lags behind and decides to turn around once the passengers sense what is happening. There are two other vehicles that are not part of the convoy but happen to be traveling on the same highway: a red Toyota Vios and a light blue Toyota Tamaraw FX. The Vios has five passengers: Eduardo Lechonsito, a government employee who is bound for a hospital in Cotabato City after suffering a mild stroke Monday morning. He is with his wife Cecille, co-workers Mercy Palabrica and Daryll delos Reyes, and driver Wilhelm Palabrica. The FX is driven by Anthony Ridao, employee of the National Statistics Coordination Board, and son of Cotabato City councilor Marino Ridao. Before reaching its destination (about 10 km from Shariff Aguak, four on other versions), the convoy was stopped by 100 armed men, who abducted and later killed most or all of its members. There is evidence that at least five of the female victims, four of them journalists, were raped before being killed, while practically all of the women had been shot in their genitals and beheaded. Mangudadatus youngest sister and aunt were both pregnant at the time of their murders. In a text message sent by Mangudadatus wife to him, she identified the people that blocked their way as the men of Ampatuan Jr, and that he himself slapped her. The female victims were shot in their genitals, according to Secretary of Justice Agnes Devanadera. According to Mangudadatu, his wifes private parts were slashed four times, after which they fired a bullet into it. In addition, he said that They speared both of her eyes, shot both her breasts, cut off her feet, fired into her mouth. A backhoe located in the immediate vicinity of the carnage at Ampatuan town was identified as the instrument that was used to expediently dig the graves of the victims, including the vehicles. The perpetrators werent able to complete the job when a helicopter was spotted in the area. The backhoe, emblazoned with the name of Maguindanao Gov. Andal Ampatuan Sr. , was later identified to belong to the Maguindanao provincial government. As of November 25, the death toll had risen to 57, as confirmed by Chief Superintendent Josefino Cataluna of the Philippine National Police. Reporters Without Borders announced that at least 12 of the victims were journalists, making this the deadliest such incident in the history of news media. The National Union of Journalists in the Philippines originally estimated that a total of 20 journalists were killed, including an undisclosed number of NUJP members. The Philippine Daily Inquirer later updated the number of journalists killed to 34. On November 24, Philippine president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo responded to the news of the massacre by declaring a state of emergency in Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat and Cotabato City. Speaker of the House Prospero Nograles called on the police to quickly identify the perpetrators of the massacre and disarm private armies. The Philippine Department of Justice created a panel of special prosecutors to handle cases arising from the massacre. B. 3 Aftermath of Maguindanao Massacre In the aftermath, Nueva Ecija Rep. Eduardo Nonato N. Joson said the massacre might affect, or even lead to the cancellation of, the scheduled 2010 presidential elections. Candidates in the election condemned the massacre. On Wednesday, November 25, 2009, the executive committee of the Lakas-Kampi-CMD political party unanimously voted to expel three members of the Ampatuan family Maguindanao Gov. Andal Ampatuan Sr. and his two sons, Gov. Zaldy Uy Ampatuan of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) and Mayor Andal Ampatuan Jr. from the party for their alleged role in the Maguindanao massacre. An emergency meeting of the Lakas-Kampi-CMD was held in Pasig, during which the Ampatuans were stripped of their membership. On Thursday, November 26, 2009, Ampatuan Jr. surrendered to his brother Zaldy, was delivered to adviser to the peace process Jesus Dureza, then was flown to General Santos on his way to Manila, where he was taken to the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) headquarters. Police in the Philippines charged Andal Ampatuan Jr. with murder. Ampatuan denied the charges, claiming that he was at the provincial capitol in Shariff Aguak when the massacre took place. He instead blamed the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), specifically Ombra Kato, as the mastermind, a charge the MILF dismissed as absurd. Mangudadatu successfully filed his certificate of candidacy at Shariff Aguak on November 27. He was accompanied by Lakas-Kampi-CMD chairman and presidential candidate Gilberto Teodoro, along with a caravan of 50 vehicles, to ensure his safety. On December 4, 2009 a number of homes belonging to the Ampatuan political family were raided in connection with the massacre. List of Victims in Maguindanao Mangudadatus NameDescription Genalyn Tiamson-MangudadatuWife of Esmael Mangudadatu Eden MangudadatuMunicipal Vice Mayor of Mangudadatu, Maguindanao, sister of Esmael Mangudadatu. Rowena MangudadatuCousin of Esmael Mangudadatu Manguba MangudadatuAunt of Esmael Mangudadatu Faridah Sabdulah Farida MangudadatuYoungest sister of Esmael Mangudadatu Farina MangudadatuAnother sister of Esmael Mangudadatu Concepcion â€Å"Connie† Brizuela, 56Lawyer Cynthia Oquendo, 36Lawyer Catalino OquendoCynthia Oquendos Father Rasul DaudDriver of Sultan Kudarat Rep. Pax Mangudadatu Journalists Thirty-four journalists are known to have been abducted and killed in the massacre, according to the Philippine Daily Inquirer. Only 25 have been positively identified so far. NameDescription Alejandro Bong Reblando, 53Manila Bulletin correspondent, a former Associated Press reporter Henry AranetaDZRH Correspondent based in General Santos City Napoleon â€Å"Nap† SalaysayDZRO manager Bartolome â€Å"Bart† MaravillaBombo Radyo Koronadal, South Cotabato Jhoy DojayGoldstar Daily Andy TeodoroMindanao Examiner Central Mindanao Inquirer reporter Ian SubangMindanao Focus, a General Santos-based weekly community newspaper Leah DalmacioMindanao Focus reporter Gina Dela CruzMindanao Focus reporter Maritess CablitasMindanao Focus reporter Neneng Montano Saksi weekly newspaper reporter Victor Nunez UNTV reporter McDelbert Macmac Arriola UNTV cameraman Jolito Evardo UNTV editor Daniel Tiamson UNTV driver Humberto Mumay Koronadal -based journalist Rey Merisco Koronadalbased -journalist Ronnie Perante Koronadalbased- journalist Jun Legarta Koronadalbased -journalist Val Cachuela Koronadal-based journalist Santos Jun Gatchalian Davao-based journalist Joel Parcon Freelance journalist Noel Decena Freelance journalist John Caniba Freelance journalist Art Betia Freelance journalist Ranie Razon Freelance journalist Archie Cancel Freelance journalist Fernanado Ferdz Mendoza Freelance driver Red Toyota Vios Number of casualties: 5. They were supposedly mistaken as part of the convoy. NameDescription Eduardo Lechonsito Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat government employee Cecille Lechonsito Wife of Eduardo Lechonsito Mercy Palabrica Co-worker of Eduardo Lechonsito Daryll delos Reyes Co-worker of Eduardo Lechonsito Wilhelm Palabrica Driver B. 4 Declaration of Martial Law in Maguindanao President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo has declared martial law in Maguindanao, a senior Malacanang official announced Saturday. Press Secretary Cerge Remonde said the President took the bold step in answer to the cries of the more than 50 victims of the massacre in Maguindanao last November 23. The Ampatuans, a powerful clan in the province, have been tagged as suspects in the killings and the crackdown on members of the family began with the arrest of Datu Unsay Mayor Andal Ampatuan Jr. , days after what has been considered as the worst election-related violence in the country. Condition of peace and order in Maguindanao has deteriorated to the extent that government mechanisms are not functioning thus endangering public safety . . Ermita said, reading from the proclamation. He said Malacanang would officially inform Congress about the proclamation, which Congress has 48 hours to act on. Also present was Armed Forces of the Philippines Chief Victor Ibrado who said that Governor Zaldy Ampatuan of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao would give himself up to authorities there. He also said that they recom mended the declaration of martial law following a meeting of top security officials late Friday. Earlier on Saturday, Maguindanao Governor Andal Ampatuan Sr. was arrested by the military. Ermita said the decision to declare martial law was reached at about 9 pm Friday. On Friday, authorities uncovered a cache of firearms near the house of the Ampatuan clan, the suspects in the massacre. Arroyo named Lieutenant General Raymundo Ferrer to take administrative control of Maguindanao province, according to Philippine Daily Inquirer sources. Interior and Local Government Secretary Ronaldo Puno confirmed placing Maguindanao under martial law was discussed in a National Security meeting Friday afternoon but said he was not aware if any action had been done to implement it â€Å"because I’m no longer there! â€Å"But there was no decision made,† Puno said in a telephone interview Friday night. â€Å"Ask Bert Gonzales,† Puno said, referring the Inquirer to Defense Secretary Norberto Gonzales on whether Maguindanao had been already placed under military rule. The military Friday expressed surprise at how powerful weapons and thousands of bullets supposed to be kept in the government armory ended up virtually in the backyard of the Ampatuan clan. Wearing bulletproof vests, soldiers and police the other day dug up antitank weapons, assault rifles and machine guns from a vacant lot a few hundred meters from one of the houses of the Ampatuan family – a known political ally of President. Effect of Maguindanao Massacre to the Tourism Industry The Maguindanao massacre has a big effect to tourism industry. Since the Philippines was declared as the second most dangerous place for journalist. Though it only mention about the journalist, still it affects the whole industry. Some of the effects of the incident were on the following, losses expected to hit the other sectors, the Davao City Chamber of Commerce and Industry Inc. (DCCCII). Airlines drop in booking of flights going into the city and nearby provinces; although the figures were still unavailable from the other businesses in the city. Hotels lost 200 room nights since the news broke out. The full effect of the recession in the United States this year will likely be felt in Davao City in 2009, the chief of the Davao City Investment and Promotion Center (DCIPC) revealed, adding that the export sector will be more affected by it. The private investment, the incident would also cause the suspension of new investments in public infrastructure and adversely affect the tourism industry. The scheduled 2010 presidential election to take place was also affected. Even the peace and order is affected. President GMA yesterday approved the recommendation of the cabinet cluster of the National Security Council to retain the state of emergency in Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat Cotobato City. Press Secretary Cerge M. Remonde said that the local government units in Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat Cotobato City still need the assistance of the military in maintaining peace and order in the area, He also said that authorities considered the armed threat groups that still linger in strategic places in the region in keeping the state of emergency. Research Design The researchers used the descriptive type of method because it refers to the type of research question, design, and data analysis that will be applied to the study. The rese archers gathered data that describe events, tabulate and describes the data collection. Quantitative approach was used as the research design of the study because it involved collections of quantitative information such as surveys which was given to a certain group of people who are assigned to the incident and their answers were counted in a numerical form. The series of meetings were able to provide the researchers sufficient time to come up with inputs needed for the said study. They were able to coordinate each other’s ideas and information that they were able to gather from their different sources. Research Method The researchers gathered their data from the internet, television news report and reliable newspapers to further establish the present state of certain events. The survey method was used to obtain the needed information for this study which was distributed to those officials that are assigned for the said crime in Maguindanao that greatly affected the tourism industry in the Philippines. Thus, the formula below was used for this study: Where: P = percentage F = frequency N = total number of respondents C. Respondents of the Study The respondents of the study were the officials from The Department of Tourism (DOT), Philippine National Police (PNP), Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), selected Hotel in Manila and some selected Airlines in the Philippines. The researchers limit the respondents into 100 participants. Each group was given 20 survey questionnaires and all needed and useful information were discussed in order to have a determined and broad perspective on the development of the study. D. The Research Process StepsActions DoneDate First SegmentPreliminary Investigation Step 1Choosing a TopicNovember 25, 2009 Step 2Generating QuestionsDecember 2, 2009 Step 3Data GatheringDecember 14, 2009 Second SegmentData Gathering Step 1Preparing the Sources of InformationJanuary 6, 2010 Step 2Reading Articles and Watching news reports as well as radio reportsJanuary 11, 2010 Step 3Gathering all the prepared dataJanuary 15, 2010 Third SegmentData Review Step 1Data ClusteringJanuary 18, 2010 Step 2Data InvestigationJanuary 24, 2010 Step 3Data AnalysisJanuary 27, 2010 First Segment On the first part of the research process, the researchers agreed to create a topic that is greatly affecting the Philippine tourism as of today. After the topic was created, the researchers facilitated the questions needed to further discuss the scope and delimitation of the study. The materials and sources of information were then organized to solidify the data that will be gathered. Second segment On the second part of the research process, the researchers gathered their data from the television news reports, radio reports, articles from reliable news papers and the internet. Several reports have been made for the topic and the researchers were able to summarize all the needed information that is essential for the study.

Sseayp free essay sample

Assembly 2013 In Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR REGISTRATION FORM â€Å"SSEAYP International: SSEAYP together Experience Culture† PERSONAL INFORMATION 1 2 3 4 5 Name (As shown in passport) Nationality Passport Details (Please attach your passport copy) Gender Date of Birth (dd/mm/yyyy) First Name: Last Name: Passport Number: Expiry Date: Type: ? Ordinary ? Official ? Female ? Male Age ? Ex-PY of SSEAYP (Year:) ? Ex-NL of SSEAYP (Year:) ? Ex-Facilitator of SSEAYP (Year:) ? Spouse of Ex- PY /NL/ Facilitator of SSEAYP (Name:) ? Family of SSEAYP (Name:) ? Host Family of SSEAYP ? Ex-PY of INDEX (Year:) ? Ex-PY of SVVY (Year:) ? Friends of Ex-PY ? Member ? Board Members, position: ___________________ ? Other: ___________________________ Address: Phone: Mobile: Email: Name of Office / School: Office / School 10 (Please add country code to Phone / Mobile ) Position: Address: Tel: Mobile: Email: ? Yes, Please specify: ? No ? Yes, Please specify: ? No years old 6 SSEAYP Experience 7 Position in Alumni Association Residential address and Contact Details (Please add country code to Phone / Mobile ) Occupation 9 11 Religion 12 Food Restrictions/ Allergies 13 Prescription Drugs Name: Emergency Contact 14 (Please add country code to Phone / Mobile ) Relationship to you: Phone: Mobile: Email: TRAVEL INFORMATION Arrival Arrival date: Arriving Laos by: ? Wattay International Airport, Flight Number: ? Lao-Thai Friendship Bridge: Accommodation Name: , Contact : Departure date: Departure from Laos by: ? Wattay International Airport, Flight Number: ? Lao-Thai Friendship Bridge: Arrival time: : hrs Early Arrival If you arrive in Laos earlier please provide your accommodation before SIGA Departure time: : hrs Departure Late Departure If you willing to extend your stay in Laos, please provide your accommodation after SIGA Accommodation Name: , Contact: lt;IMPORTANT INFORMATIONgt; Those who arrive earlier or extend their stay should arrange their transportation between the nearest airport/station and the avenue on their own. We will write a custom essay sample on Sseayp or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page REGISTRATION FEE ?Twin/ Triple Sharing Room ? Single Occupancy Room 1 Type ? Children (4-11 years old) ? Children (0-3 years old needing their own bed) Roommate Preferred (Not Guarantee) ? Children (0-3 years old needing no extra bed) Name: Country: USD 250 USD 330 USD 150 USD 150 0 2 ?I will join Pre-SIGA Social Contribution Activity (April 22-24) Pre-SIGA Social (Participation Fee: USD 95) 3 Contribution Activity (SCA) ? I will Not join Pre-SIGA Social Contribution Activity ! CANCELLATION POLICY ! Before March 18th, 2013: No Charge th From March 19 – 25th , 2013: Half participation Fee th On or after March 25 , 2013: Full Participation Fee EXPENSES PERTAINING TO ACCIDENTS, ETC SIGA Organizing Committee will not be liable for expenses for medical treatment. Each person shall be responsible for arranging his/her own travel, medical and accident insurance, etc. OPTIONAL ACTIVITIES: -Traditional Culture: Arms Giving Participation Fee: USD 5 (This activity will conduct on 26 April 2013, at 5:00 am) th ? Yes, I will join Alms Giving ? No. Thanks If you are interested to extend your stay after SIGA, please see tour programs detail on our website www. siga2013. com in after SIGA menu. All participants are required to register and make payment to your Alumni Association (AA) in your respective country on or before March 18, 2013, 05:00 pm Laos time. I hereby verify that all information filled in this registration is accurate and acknowledge that I have received and agreed to the terms and conditions set out in the registration form. Name of Participant: Signature For more information and query please contact SIGA 2013 Organizing Committee Tel: +856 21 454 153, +856 21 416 272; Fax: +856 21 454 153, +856 21 416 272 Email: siga2013. [emailprotected] com; Website: www. siga2013. com Date of submission: FOR SSEAYP ALUMNI ASSOCIATION USE ONLY: All SSEAYP Alumni Associations are requested to submit all collected registration forms to SIGA Organizing Committee by: March 19, 2013 Authorized by: Position in Alumni Association: Date: What is SSEAYP? The Ship for Southeast Asian Youth Program (SSEAYP) is based on the representative joint statements issued in January 1974 between Japan and the Republic of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Republic of the Philippines, the Republic of Singapore and the Kingdom of Thailand. Negara Brunei Darussalam, following its full independence and its admission to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in January 1984, joined the program in 1985. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam joined in 1996, following its admission to the ASEAN in July 1995, and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and the Union of Myanmar joined in 1998 after having been admitted to the ASEAN in July 1997. Furthermore in 2000, the Kingdom of Cambodia also joined this program following its admission to the ASEAN in April 1999. This program is carried out by the Government of Japan with the active participation and cooperation of these ten Southeast Asian countries. Purpose The purpose of this program is to promote friendship and mutual understanding among the youths of Japan and Southeast Asian countries to broaden their perspective on the world, as well as to strengthen their motivation and abilities in international cooperation by participating in discussions introductions of each country, and various exchange activities both on board and in the countries to be visited. In addition, the participating youths are expected to progress with leadership positions in youth activities and various other sectors in their own countries after this program. OUTLINE OF PROGRAM Activities on board the ship: The youths participating in this program (Participating Youths or PYs) shall take part in the following activities according to the schedule decided by the Cruise Operating Committee (COC): A Discussion Program The Discussion Program intends to encourage the participating youths to deepen their understanding of the current situation of carious fields in each c ountry and to promote mutual understanding, to improve skills to exchange views with other members and to enhance the ability at presenting their own ideas in public, through a free-flowing and active exchange of opinions. B Solidarity group activities SG Activities shall be carried out by each SG to deepen mutual understanding and to promote good friendship. D Club activities Club Activities aim at promoting PYs’ mutual communication on their own initiative through the pursuit of the common concerns and interests. D Introductions of each country Each contingent introduces their country from various perspectives with the aid of videos, slides, leaflets, exhibitions, and so on. It consists of â€Å"Exhibition† and â€Å"Cultural Show†. Each contingent must prepare the activity without neglecting other activities on board. This activity does not mean to be be a competition; therefore, each contingent is advised to use as less costumes and equipments as possible. E Lectures Lecture, one of the specially unique themes, is conducted by distinguish guests in order to share their experiences which are useful and meaningful to PYs. Furthermore, sometimes PYs who are willing to share their precious knowledge with their fellow friends can also take that opportunity to give lecture or present the respective points. F Studies for a safe voyage, including lifeboat drill Studies for a safe voyage include studies of the ship’s structures and lifeboat drills. G Other activities approved by the COC Other activities can be added, subject to approval by COC. If the activity requires any properties, PYs should submit the planning paper to the Administration in advance. 2- Activities in the countries to be visited: Such activities as listed below shall be conducted according to the programs arranged by the respective governments (or the Reception Committees): A Courtesy calls and Receptions Participating youth have chance to meet each country representative government officials. B Homestays The main purpose of the homestay program is to provide a great opportunity to PYs to experience the real life styles of local people, particularly of their host family, in each country they are in for a few days. During the homestay, PYs are taken care and mostly considered as a part of their foster family members too. Because of this remarkable time, PYs usually keep in touch with their host family although they are apart no matter how long it is. C Parties on board, Open Ship After the homestay, PYs are normally allowed to bring their host family to visit the Nippon Maru, the 2nd home of every PY. It is really a great time PYs can show them the facilities as well as tell them any activities they have been having on board the ship. D Programs of institutional visits and interaction with local people Study tour is a good example of the institutional visit which is arranged to introduce PYs to famous and successful companies as well as organizations in each respective country. Through this program, PYs have chances to interact with local people whom they can seek out any more precious understanding about what they are wondering so far. More importantly, PYs can also plan their future after having discussion, about life, work and other experiences. E Other activities arranged by the respective governments/Reception Committees (Implementation of other activities shall be carried out only when the program has sufficient spare time. PARTICIPATING YOUTH The PYs for the program should be: 1. Between 18 and 30 years of age as of April 1, 2005. (This is not applied to the PYs of SSEAYP in 2001. ) 2. Able to participate throughout the program. 3. Having a command of English to participate in the activities both on board the ship and in the countries to be visited. 4. In good health both physically and mentally. 5. Cooperative and adaptable to an orderly group life. 6. Having good understanding and interests in the countries to be visited

European Handball free essay sample

European Handball – goal shooting European handball is a unique, high intensity sport which is best described as a combination of netball, soccer and basketball. Two teams with seven players per side verse each other. In order to earn points, the handball must be thrown into the goals; this demonstrates the skill of goal shooting which will be the main focus of this report. Characteristics of basketball are seen in the rule that the player must bounce the ball while running. Defending is a common action in any sport and is seen in European Handball; the team without possession of the ball may attempt to stop the other team from scoring by blocking the path of the player with possession. During the game, the ball is passed around in the style of netball. The sport involves a combination of multiple sports such as soccer (goals), netball (passing) and basketball (court size, bouncing, dribbling) which makes it different to any other sport thus people are intrigued to play and thoroughly enjoy it. We will write a custom essay sample on European Handball or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Explanation of the skill Goal shooting is just like a pass but with more power. The ball must be thrown into the goals. A common technique performed when shooting a goal is the jump shot. The jump shot is where the player is in the air when the shot is made; by doing this the shot is more powerful and more effective. Explanation of the drills 1) The first drill that we will be teaching students in our training session aims to practice the jump shot as it is the most effective way of shooting a goal. For the most effective goal shot, right handed players should push off from and land on their left foot and vice versa. When they are suspended in the air, their body should be stretched with their throwing shoulder back and then the ball should be thrown from the highest point of the jump for maximum effectiveness of the shot at goals. 2) The second drill we will be teaching in our training session aims to practice passing and shooting under pressure through the use of a goalie. Students will get in groups of three and two of them will pass the ball between each other and take shots at goal with a goalie trying to stop them from scoring. To pass the ball students are to use their preferred arm, xtend it behind their head and with force throw overarm to the other player. The goal keeper’s aim is to defend the goals and position them self correctly so any incoming shots can be stopped. They will all stand equal distance apart in a triangular formation. Each student will rotate position until everyone has had a turn at passing and being goalie. This will improve everyone’s passing and defe nding skills. Actions and strategies that contribute to enjoyable participation There are many strategies that can be used and actions that can be taken to make participation more enjoyable. Offering rewards have proven to be an effective strategy used in many sports all around the world. Rewards come in many shapes and forms to appeal to a wide range of participants such as money, various prizes and awards including certificates, medals and trophies. As well as physical rewards to acknowledge achievement, there are many actions that can be performed to encourage enjoyable participation. Praising good behaviour and recognising an athlete’s achievements is incredibly effective in increasing the enjoyment during participation in a sport. Offering your congratulations by shaking their hand, giving them a pat on the back or simply telling them they’ve done a good job can motivate the player and help them to enjoy the sport more. These actions and strategies not only make players enjoy participating but also show aspects of a good coach. Organisations of activities The training session will be made up of various activities and demonstrations and will go for approximately 10 minutes. Warm Up We will begin with a warm up which will consist of a short run and stretches. We will demonstrate appropriate stretches which the students will then complete. First stretching the calf and leg muscles with lunges and swinging legs; then stretching the arm muscles with a shoulder shrug, arm across body, swinging arms, and breathing exercises. This will help get their body and mind ready for the activities. The warm up should run for approximately two minutes. Demonstration and Explanation We will then give a thorough explanation of the skill, explaining how the skill is preformed and techniques students should use to increase their chances of success. A demonstration of the skill and both drills will then be performed so that students can visibly see what it should look like and get an understanding of how to do it. This explanation and demonstration should go for approximately two to three minutes. Drill One The students will then perform the drills. Students will form a line and one by one attempt the jump goal shot. We will check that they’re doing it correctly and offer advice to players on how they can improve. This drill requires the goals, cones, ball and the rope and should run for approximately two to three minutes Drill Two We will then start the second drill. Students are to form groups of threes and go to their own set of goals. The group will have to decide on a defender and two shooters. Students will perform the drill once and we will check that all students are doing it correctly. The players will then rotate positions until everyone has had a go. We will continue giving advice and helping students who are struggling or confused, and will motivate and praise all students. This drill requires goals, cones and balls and should go for two to three minutes Warm Down/ Cool down – The warm down will consist of a slow stretches and various breathing exercises to relax the body and muscles. This will reduce the risk of injuries and sore muscles. Safety measures The safety of all students is the most important. All students are required to follow certain rules and instructions so that their safety is not a risk. Warms Ups and Warms Downs – At the beginning and end of our training session we will get all students to complete a range of stretches. Warm ups are essential as they help assist your circulatory system in pumping blood to your working muscles. The purpose is to steadily increase circulation throughout the body. A correct warm up safely prepares the body for movement and exercise. Cold muscles which have not been properly warmed up are more susceptible to injury. Warm downs relax your muscles and allow your heart rate to slowly return back to normal. Pay attention to demonstrations/ listen to instructions – All students need to pay close attention to the demonstrations and listen when we’re explaining the skills so that they know exactly what to do. If students are not paying attention and then try to perform the skill they could ruin equipment, hurt them self and hurt other students around them. Correct/Appropriate Equipment – European handball requires a specific ball. The ball is not allowed to have a shiny or slippery surface as the player needs to be able to grip the ball to throw a powerful pass. If an incorrect ball is used the players will find it hard to grip onto the ball and throw a powerful pass, and the ball would also be dropped a lot which could result in another player tripping over it and injuring themself. No contacting or unnecessary rough play European handball is a fast paced sport but it is contact free. Players are not allowed to contact one another deliberately. Any student who is acting in an unnecessary behaviour will put themselves and peers at risk of being hurt. Appropriate use of equipment – All students are to act sensible with the equipment that they use whilst participating in the drills. The equipment can cause injury if used incorrectly, and students who do not use it appropriately could also risk damaging it. Supervision of instructors/ teacher – Teachers and instructors (people running the activity) are responsible for the safety of all students participating in the activities. They are expected to supervise all performances so that any errors can be corrects and mistakes can be pointed out. It is a coach’s responsibility to teach their students the correct way to perform a skill in order to remain safe. The safety of the athlete is always the main priority. All of the above points should be followed throughout the whole presentation so that all students are safe and the chance of injury is decreased.

Where to order a perfect cover letter

Where to order a perfect cover letter Cover letter writing When you start looking for a job, you need to send potential employers your application work and a cover letter. The majority of students consider writing such letters rather complicated. Nevertheless, it is the most efficient way of presenting yourself. That is why you should write this paper appropriately to show that you are a suitable applicant for the offered job position. In order to write a good work, you should provide detailed information about yourself. Do not forget to describe your significant educational accomplishments. Remember that the primary purpose of your resume cover letter is to impress a prospective employer. If you do everything in the right way, you will be invited for a job interview for sure. Therefore, try hard to produce an exclusive paper that will show your valuable qualities.If you want to write a unique paper, keep in mind the following tips:Make a proper cover letter format. There is no need to use extraordinary fonts or highlight some words. State clear reasons for sending your CV to the chosen company. Indicate whether you are interested in full-time or part-time employment. Ask about career prospects. When writing a cover letter, you should inform the employer about the way you have found out about the position you are applying for. If you have browsed a website of the agency, the employer will understand that you have a deep desire to work in the selected company. You may also tell the name of a person who has advised you to send you resume to a particular organization. Grab employers attention. If you write a good cover letter, it will be read from beginning to end. However, if it is poorly written, an employer will put it aside together with hundreds of other job applications. When preparing this work, you should emphasize that you can help the company grow. You should mention that your resume contains more detailed information about your experience. Thus, a personnel manager will definitely want to read it. Demonstrate your abilities. This is a helpful piece of advice as well as the cover letter tips mentioned above. Make sure that your paper does not contain mistakes. In order to make your work superior, you may tell a joke relating to the job. Indicate contact information. Provide your e-mail or phone number in your cover letter.The best cover letter has to persuade the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the offered position. Do not hesitate to display your great skills. If you do not understand how to produce an outstanding paper, feel free to turn to us for expert assistance.

Ideology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ideology - Essay Example Of course, by its manifestations in every aspect of the material world including social structure and gender roles, ideology comes to have a material existence of its own (165). When I express 'my own thoughts' in 'my own words' I am greatly circumscribed by ideological norms about what I can express and how I can express it: whether to a single listener or to a global audience. By making visible the powerful influences on communication (the material relations between author and recipient; the choice of form and style as historically determined), the study of ideology enables a piece of communication to be viewed as a product of the status quo with which it dialectically engages. Language - whether verbal or nonverbal - is a system of symbols which are given meaning by mutual agreement. There is no universal physical reality to the representation of a particular entity by the word 'dog.' In the case of onomatopoeic words there is some auditory similarity between the represented sound and the representing word: e.g. 'bow wow' is a loose mimicry of a dog barking. But the vast majority of signifiers: words (me), signs (the exclamation point) and symbols (the Mitsubishi logo) are pure symbols: the signification is perfectly non-representative. The most sophisticated forms of communication are purely symbolic: the oldest known script, Sumerian hieroglyphics, began with representative drawings which became more and more stylised and symbolic. Of course, the non-universality of symbols is not obvious: when we learn a language we agree that 'dog' indicates a particular entity in the real world and that the purely arbitrary collection of symbols 'dog' is associated w ith particular ways of moving our articulators and producing sound. Is language then, artificial Noam Chomsky suggests that human beings are born with the inherent ability to imbibe language; and this ability seems to be universal. People can learn new languages well into late life and babies can acquire multiple languages simultaneously and apparently effortlessly. It is not language that is artificial but the particular significations (signifier-signified relationships) of any given language. This kind of artificiality typifies ideology or any of its components, for example the ascription of certain human qualities to inanimate entities (the rose as a symbol of love suggests something about the culture that accepts such a symbol). Any given communication, whether interpersonal or mass-scale, can then be viewed as an iceberg, with the bulk of meaning residing under the level of consciousness. A rose with its petals being torn off by the wind evokes strong emotions not attributable to the mere sensation of watching a flower being disassembled. The ro se is not 'saying' anything new; rather, its very presence and conditions call forth a predictable set of responses: to quote Barthes: "it comes and seeks me out in order to oblige me to acknowledge the body of intentions which have motivated it and arranged it there as the signal of an individual history, as a confidence and a complicity" (Mythologies 48). The tremendous importance of

Shirley Jackson's The Lottery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shirley Jackson's The Lottery - Essay Example The plot of â€Å"The Lottery† and The Lottery differ slightly. The plotline in â€Å"The Lottery† revolves around a yearly important event, which occurs on June 27. Everyone assembles in the normal town, as for a typical local festival, but in this case a sacrifice is to be made to ensure a good harvest for the coming year. Each family have to draw a slip at random from the all-important black box, and that which is marked denotes the family from which the sacrifice will be taken. Each family member then draws again, highlighting the specific person to be stoned to death; in this case, Mrs. Hutchinson. In The Lottery, this yearly event is still occuring, which the protagonist Jason returning to the town (which he left when he was very small) with his father’s ashes. It is discovered that Jason is one of the Hutchinson’s referred to in the short story version. The plot of the film adaptation is largely based around flashbacks in which Jason remembers the significance of the gravestones, which all bear the same date at death in yearly intervals. As the townsfolk are so desperate to keep the tradition going, it is difficult for Jason to expose the truth; he winds up mentally ill. Perhaps the reason that both â€Å"The Lottery† and The Lottery are so chilling for American readers and viewers is because it is set within a typical small American town of around 300 residents. Additionally, Jackson effectively mixes the conventions of the small town with the outlandish lottery ritual; for example, the residents â€Å"in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o'clock† (Jackson, 1948, p1), establishing the normalcy of the town. This is used in juxtaposition with the ritual that would not be familiar to readers of the New Yorker or viewers of NBC. In The Lottery, too, the town to which Jason returns is extremely normal and could even be described as idyllic despite the snippets of memory it brings back. The main similarity between the two media used to tell the story of the lottery is that they revolve around many of the same themes. Perhaps the main theme is of ritual. The lottery in both â€Å"The Lottery† and The Lottery are fiercely protected rituals that hold a large importance to the townsfolk. There are a number of customs that must be observed before the actual process of drawing the lottery must begin; the â€Å"swearing-in of Mr. Summers† (Jackson, 1948, p7), and â€Å"a recital of some sort† (Jackson, 1948, p7), for example. The film and print versions also show that the local people are fiercely protective of their lottery. The townsfolk also seem to follow a herd mentality, as there seems to be no real explanation for the lottery or the sacrifice, but everyone continues to follow along with the practice as usual. Despite this, the ritual itself is unimportant in many ways as â€Å"the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original black box, they still remembered to use stones† (Jackson, 1948, p71). This quote is important in many

A Short History and Summary of the Current Conditions in Chile and Its Geographical Situation Essay Example for Free

A Short History and Summary of the Current Conditions in Chile and Its Geographical Situation Essay Chile is a country situated on the west coast of South America. It is also known as The Republic of Chile. The size of Chile is 289,112 square miles with a width of less than 100 miles. It is basically a little larger than Texas. Chile is divided into three main parts, mainland and two territorial islands named Isla Sala y Gomez and Easter. Chile has an interesting history and it has seen many ups and downs in its economic development (Hudson, 1994). A description of the history of the 20th century of Chile and its current economic and political situation is presented below. The history of the 20th century of Chile is mainly focused on its entrance to the parliamentary system and thus it saw the changes in its political situation. In the beginning of the 20th century, Chile was stable despite of having lesser power in the hands of presidents. During this time, congress selected the president for the country. The presidents of this century mainly includes: German Riesco Errazuriz, Pedro Montt, Ramon Barros Luco, and Juan Luis Sanfuentes. During the 1920’s, there was an increasing gap between the middle class and lower class of society (Bizzarro, 1987). Due to this gap, the masses were dissatisfied and they called a new leader, Arturo Alessandri Palma, who brought the system of election for the selection of president. He brought other changes as well such as compulsory primary education and separation between the church and state. After a few months’ service of Alessandri, Carlos Ibanez came into power and promoted public works and industry; however, he is known as a military dictator. Electoral Democracy was there during the years of 1931 to 1971 in Chile. After a period of uncertainty in Chile, Alessandri came into power again. Alessandri ruled Chile almost like a dictator and restored the power of Constitution of 1925. Considering the presidency elections of 1958, it is found that there were three candidates and all were from different types of people. They were conservative, Christian Democrat, and Socialist (Zanartu, Kennedy, 1969). Jorge Alessandri Rodriguez won the election of 1858 and maintained a stable situation in Chile. Alessandri was sensible and with his ability to maintain the economic and political situation, he put a halt to the inflation in Chile; thus, contributed in the economic development of the nation. In 1964, Frei defeated Allende again. Frei was a Christian Democrat and took control over the copper industry of Chile. In the next elections, Allende came into power with his socialist view. Allende was the first elected Marxist in Chile. Allende brought new policies and changed the existing policies; such as, he finished the nationalization of the copper firms of the United States, nationalized banks, and sped up land distribution in the country. Some leaders in Chile were against the socialists programs of Allende. In 1973, with the help of the U.  S. , a military coup ousted Allende (after which he committed suicide). After Allende, Pinochet ruled untill 1990. He was mainly focused on privatization and returned the banks, factories and lands to the private owners, and put strict economic and social condition on the people of Chile (Weil, 1969). Overall, it can be said that Chile saw many different leaders in the history of the 20th century and developed in many directions. Current economic and political situation of Chile is described below in the paper. The Economic Situation During the 1970’s Chile saw the economic growth, but in the next decade it experienced recession. Pinochet was the president of Chile and he put some strict economic conditions on Chileans. Looking at the current economic condition of Chile, it can be said that it is a growing and prosperous economy. The government of Chile has a played an important role in the economic development of Chile. Peso is the official currency of the country. The government has intervened many times in the financial market of Chile to control the economic situation of the nation and promoted the social spending (Loveman, 1988). According to the current economic condition, the total GDP of Chile is U. S. $ 268. 3 billion and its GDP growth is 5%. Inflation in the country is 4 to 5% and its main industries include copper, iron, lithium, fish processing, foodstuffs, wood and woods products, cement, textile, etc. (Thomas White International, 2013). It is already discussed above that culture and history of Chile has affected the economic development of the country many times and its reflection can be seen in the economic system of Chile. Chile has seen both growth and recession (with the different economic treatments of its presidents) It is currently able to manage a decrease in the foreign debt and open for the foreign investment. The Current Political Situation The current political system of Chile is also stable. It is nation with multiparty. The country has three branches of executive, legislative, and judiciary. The cxecutive branch selects the president for the country and the legislative branch has two houses named Chamber of Deputies and Senate. The Supreme Court and other lower courts come under the judiciary system. There are many political parties involved in the Chilean Government and they are trying to maintain the social and economic condition of the country (Kelleher Klein, 2011). Analysis and Conclusions Concluding the paper it can be said that Chile has now become an important part of the global economy with its growing industries. Due to many changes in its political atmosphere in the 20th century, Chile faced many challenges in its economic development as it saw growth as well as recession. In 1990, the democratic government was again brought into Chile. A Christian democrat Eduardo Frei won the election in 1993. Currently, the condition of Chile is stable. Chile is facing some challenges in its development of having some problems between the military and the government. Also, there is a belief in the people of Chile that the income inequality is getting worse. Apart from the economic problems, the people of Chile are facing the problems of natural disaster. A devastating earthquake has affected the economic condition of Chilean. The newly elected president of Chile, Sebastian Pinera, is trying to control the challenges that the country is facing (Cynthia Crabtree, 2010).

Ict Utilisation And Integration In The Classroom Education Essay

Ict Utilisation And Integration In The Classroom Education Essay Technology can be used to strengthen student learning and enhance pedagogy and can be used effectively as a cognitive tool for teaching and learning in the classroom (Bruce Levin, 2001; Bransford, Brown Cocking, 2000). Teachers use technology for a variety of reasons and these include record keeping, writing lesson plans, creating worksheets and communicating with parents. However, despite the widespread use of technology in schools, it seems that teachers are more inclined to use technology to support their existing practices (such as providing practice drills, demonstration).Previous studies revealed how and why individuals adopt new information technologies (Venkatesh, Morris, Davis Davis, 2003), but it is not known what influences teachers to use technology in their classroom; we need a better understanding of the beliefs that inform these decisions. Previous studies have shown various attributes that can be associated with the utilisation and integration of ICT in the classro om. For instance, teachers attributes is variously grouped into personal characteristics, one of such characteristics: Self-efficacy, perceptions and ease of use(Albion, 2001; Enochs, Riggs, Ellis, 1993; Kellenberger, 1996; Riggs Enochs, 1993; Wang, Ertmer, Newby, 2004a). When a teacher perceives that he or she can effectively use technology in the process of teaching and learning, it will impact that teachers ability to use technology in the classroom. However, the factors that influence self-efficacy beliefs towards technology integration remain largely ambiguous, particularly when examining the possible influences of students attitudes towards technology. These beliefs are likely to be related to each other and they interact dynamically in influencing teachers decisions about the use of technology in the classrooms. Bandura (1997) describes perceived self-efficacy as beliefs in ones capabilities to organise and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments. As this applies to the integration of technology into education, self-efficacy beliefs toward technology integration have been theorized to be a determining factor in how well a teacher is able to effectively use technology to improve teaching and learning. Given that teachers act as change agents for technology integration in schools, it is critical to understand the factors that facilitate and those that act as barriers to teachers use of technology in schools. Research has found that teachers belief on the use of technology is influenced by many factors, such as environment, funds, availability of required technologies etc. (Leggett, Persichitte, 1998). The factors can be classified as either arising from the external environments where the teachers work in or the personal characteristics of the teachers (Chai Khine, 2006). While both internal and external conditions affect technology use in classrooms, (Ertmer 2005) argues that although environmental conditions in terms of technological infrastructures have improved, factors pertaining to teachers beliefs are yet to be resolved. . In Nigeria, there are some cultural factors such as religion, belief, age, that can contribute to teachers inability to integrate technology in the clas sroom (can you support this claim with a literature?). In addition, an issue that arises from Nigeria is that only well-trained teachers have enough confidence to actually use ICT as a teaching mechanism in the classroom teaching (Forster,2008). Before the emergence of ICT, pre service teachers were not expose to new modern channels of information, which and will develop in them self-guided learning materials, placing more focus on learning rather than teaching. Insufficient access to computers is one of the main obstacles for ICT programmes. This is particularly relevant for educational institutions located in rural areas where the school or training institution is the only access point for computers. Swarts(2002) noted that government cooperation is necessary for ICT programmes to be sustainable. Its cooperation is needed in order to support the education curriculum system, which is vital for the survival of ICT utilization and classrooms integration (Kozma, 2008). Purpose This study will therefore look into teachers beliefs about technology usage in the classroom among secondary school teachers in Lagos state, the integration of technology into teaching and its teachers influence on the students attitudes toward technology. Significance of study This study will be significant to the following individuals as stated below: Teachers will be aware 0f the key concern driving policy and interest in the pedagogical integration of ICT and the premise that ICT is important for bringing changes to classroom teaching and learning so as to foster the development of students 21st-century skills. It is important because it will help to build up teachers confidence in using technology in general, which would hence increase their intention and willingness to use technology in the future (Yuen Ma, 2008). It is also useful because it will help to develop a school environment which enables teachers to have more hands-on experience in new technologies (Allan, 2007; Fleming et al., 2007), Students may acquire special, these skills include the ability to become lifelong learners within a context of collaborative inquiry and the ability to work and learn from experts and peers in a connected global community (Law, Pelgrum Plomp, 2008;121) Researchers This study would contribute to the limited research in this area and add clarity to the relationships among these beliefs and will help to them suggest ways of convincing teachers to use ICTs in their classrooms because they are indispensable in this technologically globalised era. Question How do teachers beliefs relate to their instructional technology practices in classroom? 2 How do the environmental conditions affect ICTs use in classroom? What obstructs teachers positive belief about ICT integration in the classroom? Literature Review A major gap has always existed between affluent people living in developed societies with access to modern information technology and underprivileged people living in impoverished and rural communities in developing and least developed countries. Even today, an unequal adoption of technology excludes many from harvesting the fruits of the digital economy (Giri,2002). To investigate the factors hindering teachers readiness and confidence in using ICTs, Tella, Tella,Toyobo, Adika Adeyinka (2007) examined Nigerian secondary school teachersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ uses of ICTs and implications for further development of ICT use in schools using a census of 700 teachers. They found that inadequate knowledge to evaluate the role of ICT in teaching and learning, lack of skills in the use of ICT equipment and software had resulted in a lack of confidence in utilizing ICT tools. This is consistent with Preston (2000) who concluded that lack of technical support to be the key inhibitor to the use of ICT in classroom. As indicated by Bradley and Russell (1997), recurring faults, and the expectation of faults occurring during teaching sessions have reduced teachers confidence and caused teachers to avoid using technology. In addition, obstacles such as access to equipment, time pressures, lack of mentor and opportunities for apprenticeship of observation also have a n impact on teachers ability to use ICT (Slaouti Barton, 2007). Further, teachers workload and time management was found to be inhibiting the implementation of computer instruction in classroom (Guha, 2000). While there is a great deal of studies about how ICT is being used in developed countries, there is not much information on how ICT is being integrated into schools in developing countries (Beukes-Amiss and Chiware, 2006). Investments in ICT for educational innovations and improvements purposes have been continuing, but the need for teachers who will employ it in the classroom as a staple part of the curriculum is disregarded (Niederhauser and Stoddart, 2001; Vacc and Bright, 1999). ICT does not have an educational value in itself, but it becomes precious when teachers use it in the learning and teaching process effectively. As Shakeshaft (1999, p. 4) notes, just because ICT is present does not mean that students are using it. The impact of ICT is strongest when used in a particular content area and further supported by use across the curriculum (Ward and Parr, 2010). Since teachers are the key figures to utilize ICT in educational settings productively and to help integrate ICT into the curriculum, there is every need for them to develop and have positive attitude towards its utilization and efficacy in the classrooms. . ICT promotes a positive attitude towards information technology as an essential p art of a lifelong interest in learning. Teachers also perceive the use of ICT as enhancing recall of previous learning, providing new stimuli, activating the learnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s response, and providing systematic and steady feedback. It is further perceived as sequencing learning appropriately, and providing access to a rich source of information(Hennessy, Harrison and Wamakote, 2010). For example, Tella et al. (2007) found that computer use by teachers was driven by intentions to use it, and that perceived usefulness was also strongly linked to those intentions. The implication is that teachers will be inclined to use technology if they perceive it to be useful. Furthermore, ICT needs to be linked to specific needs of learners, desisting from the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾one size fits allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ approach (Leach, 2005, p. 112). It is most effectively used as a learner-centred tool, instead of within a more traditional pedagogy. The real challenge for educationists is, therefore, h ow to harness the potential of ICT to complement the role of a teacher in the teaching and learning process. Roblyer (2002) found that many pre-service teachers are still entering universities with little knowledge of computers and appropriate skills as well as lacking positive attitudes toward ICT use in the classroom. Again, Gunter (2001) states that many higher education institutions are still failing to prepare pre-service teachers for positive technological experiences and utilisation. This will make it difficult for teachers to be able to transfer their ICT skills to their students and encourage them to implement ICT when they themselves have negative belief toward ICT integration in the classrooms (YÄ ±ldÄ ±rÄ ±m, 2000). Many studies indicate that it is teachersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ attitudes, expertise, lack of autonomy and lack of knowledge to evaluate the use and role of ICT in teaching (or technophobia in teachers) that are the prominent factors hindering teachersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ readiness and confidence in using ICT support(Hennessy, Harrison Wamakote, 2010). In orde r for ICT to be effectively used in education, a sense of its value needs to exist as well as the expectation that its use will lead to success. Teachers education requires instructional design, and a belief about computers needs to be present if all teachers are to use ICT in their classrooms. Classroom practices need to change in order for ICT to be fully effective, and attitudes of some who may be unwilling to move away from the traditional way of teaching, need to be taken into consideration when training teachers for ICT use (Tella, Tella, Toyobo, Adika Adeyinka,2007). Therefore, teachers perceptions of ICT integration and utilization in the classrooms are somewhat related to the technology acceptance model (TAM) which was originated by Davis in 1986 (Davis, 1989). The model indicates that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are two specific determinants of a users acceptance of a technology. Perceived usefulness indicates the users perception of the extent that the technology will develop and improve his job performance positively. This includes decreasing the time for performing the job, more productivity and accuracy. Perceived ease of use refers to the users perception of amount of the effort necessary for using the system or the extent to which a user believes that employing a specific technology will be easy. Summers (1990) found that the lack of knowledge and experience in the computing area is one of the most common beliefs for teachers negative attitudes towards computers. Selwyn (1997) found that a major deterent to the use of computers by teachers was computer phobia. These teacher anxieties could be caused by psychological factors such as having little or no control over the activity, thinking that they might damage the computer, and feeling that ones self esteem is threatened; sociological factors such as ICT being regarded as a solitary activity, needing to be clever to use one, and being replaced by the computer; and operational factors such as being beyond ones abilities, having to cope with unfriendly jargon, and the likelihood of the technology going wrong. Teachers should be provided with adequate and appropriate support in their classrooms, and be guided by professional standards that incorporate a code of conduct (Semenov,2005). The successful use of computers in the classroom depends on the teachers belief and attitudes towards computers (Lawton Gerschner, 1982). By means of survey and data collection using questionnaire, the study will also explore factors impeding both qualified and prospective secondary school teachers positive beliefs and their future expectations related to utilization and integration of ICTs in the classrooms during teaching and learning. Research design The design adopted in this study is a descriptive survey method. This will allow the researchers to have a complete description of the impact of teachers belief on utilization and integration of ICTs in the classrooms. Population and Sample The population of the study comprised all public and private secondary schools in Lagos state Nigeria. Three hundred secondary school students from both Twenty five percent public and private schools were purposefully selected because it will not be convenient for the researchers to use all the schools in the Lagos state, again they make a good representation of the schools in the state. Then, a number of teachers in each schools were taken.This gives a total of - which their ages ranged between 25years 45 with a mean age of 35 years ( NB we will get the exact fig. from data collection/questionnaire) They consist of -males and -females. Instrument An instrument named Teachers Belief on Utilization and Integration of ICTs in the Classrooms was developed by the researchers and used for data collection. The instruments consists two sections. Section one requested demographic information from the respondents. The second section contains ten questions on likert type response format and the respondents are requested to choose from strongly agree, agree, disagree and strongly disagree. The instrument was administered on thirty respondents to ascertain its reliability after modification. Procedure All the 250 teachers used for the study were given questionnaires in their respective schools with permission granted by the various authorities of the schools. The administration took place after the school hour in each school. Before then, the entire respondents were informed about the date of the exercise.A day was allocated for two schools. This mean that 15 days was used to cover all the 30 schools selected in which the respondents were selected.(NB pls note how many questionnaires were administered and no. that were valid) Method of data analysis Data collected were analyzed using chi square and why?/? Recommendation( this is just a guess and to know whether it is in line with how it is beig written) The findings showed that most teachers perceived ICT as very useful and as making teaching and learning easier but still do not believe in utilization and integrating them during teaching and learning especially in Nigerian situation where there is no steady power supply, cost of the equipment, unavailability of the ICTs in most schools,lack of expertertise especially in public schools, etc. It was recommended that professional development policies should support ICT-related teaching models, in particular those that encourage both students and teachers to play an active role in teaching activities. Additionally, emphasis should be placed on the pedagogy underlying the use of ICTs for teaching and learning.